LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Jamaica
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Jamaica · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
2,837,077
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 2837077 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$22.7 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 22704903217.5631 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$8,003
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 8002.92104076242 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Jamaica at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Government type
parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Population
total: 2,938,503 (2025 est.) male: 1,453,759 female: 1,484,744
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$29.13 billion (2024 est.) $29.341 billion (2023 est.) $28.596 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$19.93 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
-0.7% (2024 est.) 2.6% (2023 est.) 5.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$10,300 (2024 est.) $10,300 (2023 est.) $10,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
5.4% (2024 est.) 6.5% (2023 est.) 10.3% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
4.9% (2024 est.) 4.4% (2023 est.) 4.1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
1.57 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
106.3% of GDP (2020 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $4.041 billion (2020 est.) expenditures: $4.466 billion (2020 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$678.808 million (2024 est.) $568.932 million (2023 est.) -$136.401 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$7.124 billion (2024 est.) $7.275 billion (2023 est.) $6.424 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$9.524 billion (2024 est.) $9.866 billion (2023 est.) $9.726 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$4.869 billion (2023 est.) $4.52 billion (2022 est.) $4.838 billion (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$9.636 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 83% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 18 00 N, 76 48 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name is a blend of the words "king's" and "town;" named after the English king at the time of the city's founding in 1692, WILLIAM III
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper-middle-income Caribbean island economy; key agriculture and tourism sectors; high crime, youth unemployment, and poverty; susceptible to natural disasters and global commodity price shocks; progress in reducing public debt and moderating inflation within target range
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
bauxite, alumina, gypsum, limestone
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
sugarcane, goat milk, yams, chicken, oranges, coconuts, bananas, plantains, pumpkins/squash, pineapples (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
agriculture, mining, manufacture, construction, financial and insurance services, tourism, telecommunications
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 37%, Russia 7%, Latvia 7%, Iceland 7%, UK 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
aluminum oxide, refined petroleum, natural gas, liquor, processed fruits and nuts (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
USA 39%, China 11%, Brazil 4%, Colombia 4%, Japan 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, crude petroleum, plastic products (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 38.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 11.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 6.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 21.1% (2023 est.) forest: 56.2% (2023 est.) other: 5.3% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
hurricanes (especially July to November)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
English, Jamaican patois
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Protestant 64.8% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 12.0%, Pentecostal 11.0%, Other Church of God 9.2%, New Testament Church of God 7.2%, Baptist 6.7%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%, Church of God of Prophecy 4.5%, Anglican 2.8%, United Church 2.1%, Methodist 1.6%, Revived 1.4%, Brethren 0.9%, and Moravian 0.7%), Roman Catholic 2.2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.9%, Rastafarian 1.1%, other 6.5%, none 21.3%, unspecified 2.3% (2011 est.)
2011 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 23.8% (male 342,691/female 329,773) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 914,364/female 941,816) 65 years and over: 10.4% (2024 est.) (male 140,440/female 154,629)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.3 years (2024 est.) male: 74.5 years female: 78.1 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
female: 90.8% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 1.242 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 3.301 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.181 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 87.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 6.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 3,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 41,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
consumption: 822.549 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 822.549 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
7.89 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 239,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 6.04 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.611 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 3.34 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 118 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 448,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
20 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 11 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 2 very small: 8 ports with oil terminals: 5 key ports: Falmouth, Kingston, Lucea, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Rio Bueno, Rocky Point, Savannah la Mar
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 9.8% (2024 est.) industry: 18.3% (2024 est.) services: 60.3% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
17.9% of GDP (2024 est.) 18.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 21.6% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Jamaican Dollar
JMD per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 JMD = US$0.006317119
157.17–158.31 JMD per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | JMD per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 158.3 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 158.25 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 158.31 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 158.23 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 158.08 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 157.89 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 157.72 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 157.72 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 157.84 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 157.8 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 157.71 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 157.23 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 157.17 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 157.17 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 157.2 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 157.37 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 157.62 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 157.32 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 157.34 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 157.6 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 157.52 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 157.65 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 157.39 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 157.45 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 157.65 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 157.74 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.