OCEANIA · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Tonga
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Tonga · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
103,742
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 103742 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$679.22 million
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 679218218.578017 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$6,547
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 6547.18646814228 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Tonga at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 104,519 (2025 est.) male: 52,421 female: 52,098
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$740.082 million (2023 est.) $724.972 million (2022 est.) $742.114 million (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$508.735 million (2023 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
2.1% (2023 est.) -2.3% (2022 est.) 0.4% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$7,100 (2023 est.) $6,900 (2022 est.) $7,000 (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.2% (2024 est.) 6.4% (2023 est.) 11% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
2.2% (2024 est.) 2.3% (2023 est.) 2.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
34,800 (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
43.9% of GDP (2020 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $276.025 million (2023 est.) expenditures: $244.97 million (2023 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$21.165 million (2024 est.) -$30.087 million (2023 est.) -$27.749 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$119.511 million (2024 est.) $95.345 million (2023 est.) $59.926 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$392.888 million (2024 est.) $383.475 million (2023 est.) $330.306 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$377.299 million (2024 est.) $396.53 million (2023 est.) $375.564 million (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$159.276 million (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 59% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
30 of 30 sections
Location
Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Nuku'alofa geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January etymology: name is said to be composed of the local words nuku , meaning "residence or abode," and alofa , meaning "love;" it may also mean "the south," describing Tonga's position in relation to most other Polynesian islands
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper middle-income Pacific island economy; enormous diaspora and remittance reliance; key tourism and agricultural sectors; major fish exporter; rapidly growing Chinese infrastructure investments; rising methamphetamine hub
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
arable land, fish
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
coconuts, pumpkins/squash, cassava, sweet potatoes, vegetables, yams, taro, root vegetables, plantains, lemons/limes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
tourism, construction, fishing
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Guyana 17%, USA 17%, NZ 15%, Australia 15%, UAE 12% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, gold, processed fruits and nuts, cassava, fish (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Fiji 27%, NZ 24%, China 21%, Australia 8%, USA 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, plastic products, poultry, cars, sheep and goat meat (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly flat islands with limestone bedrock formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic rock
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 48.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 27.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 15.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 5.6% (2023 est.) forest: 12.1% (2023 est.) other: 39.3% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou volcanism: moderate volcanic activity; Fonualei (180 m) has had frequent activity in recent years, and Niuafo'ou (260 m) has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Tongan only 85%, Tongan and other language 13.9%, Tongan not used at home 1.1% (2021 est.) note: data represent language use at home of persons aged 5 and older
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Protestant 63.9% (Free Wesleyan Church 34.2%, Free Church of Tonga 11.3%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.5%, Assembly of God 2.5%, Tokaikolo/Maamafo'ou 1.5%, Constitutional Church of Tonga 1.2%, other Protestant 4%), Church of Jesus Christ 19.7%, Roman Catholic 13.7%, other 2.1%, none 0.6%, no answer 0.1% (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 29.3% (male 15,627/female 15,142) 15-64 years: 63.2% (male 33,445/female 32,867) 65 years and over: 7.4% (2024 est.) (male 3,534/female 4,274)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78 years (2024 est.) male: 76.4 years female: 79.7 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 91.1% (2019 est.) male: 83.8% (2019 est.) female: 97.6% (2019 est.)
2019 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 34,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 67.01 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 5.99 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 89% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 9.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 1,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
174,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 174,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 64,800 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 62 (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 9,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
6 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 3 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 0 very small: 3 ports with oil terminals: 0 key ports: Neiafu, Nuku Alofa, Pangai
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 17.5% (2023 est.) industry: 13.5% (2023 est.) services: 50.2% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
50% of GDP (2023 est.) 41.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 42% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Pa’anga
TOP per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 TOP = US$0.4174668
2.3523–2.4005 TOP per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | TOP per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 2.3954 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 2.3998 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 2.4005 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 2.3954 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 2.3865 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 2.3905 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 2.3897 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 2.385 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 2.3837 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 2.3667 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 2.3706 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 2.3733 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 2.3799 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 2.3795 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 2.3716 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 2.3705 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 2.3667 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 2.3612 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 2.3545 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 2.3542 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 2.3523 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 2.3529 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.