OCEANIA · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Australia
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Australia · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
27,614,411
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 27614411 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$1.8 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 1798518933689.21 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$65,130
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 65129.7227990563 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Australia at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Government type
federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Population
total: 27,490,921 (2025 est.) male: 13,685,935 female: 13,804,986
Area
total : 7,741,220 sq km land: 7,682,300 sq km water: 58,920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.635 trillion (2024 est.) $1.611 trillion (2023 est.) $1.558 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$1.752 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
1.4% (2024 est.) 3.4% (2023 est.) 4.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$60,100 (2024 est.) $60,500 (2023 est.) $59,900 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.2% (2024 est.) 5.6% (2023 est.) 6.6% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
4.1% (2024 est.) 3.7% (2023 est.) 3.8% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
14.912 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
58% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $431.27 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $453.105 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$34.402 billion (2024 est.) -$5.186 billion (2023 est.) $5.707 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$425.16 billion (2024 est.) $448.507 billion (2023 est.) $465.99 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$405.336 billion (2024 est.) $389.211 billion (2023 est.) $379.981 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$60.404 billion (2024 est.) $61.703 billion (2023 est.) $56.702 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Canberra geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April time zone note: Australia has six time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+11) etymology: the name may derive from the Aboriginal word nganbirra , meaning "meeting place"
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
high-income and globally integrated economy; strong mining, manufacturing, and service sectors driving slow but steady growth; net exporter, driven by commodities to East Asian trade partners; weak productivity and aging population straining labor force participation
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
alumina, coal, iron ore, copper, lithium, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, rare earth elements, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, opals, natural gas, petroleum note 1: Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 26.5% of global coal exports in 2021; coal is the country s most abundant energy resource, and coal ranks as the second-largest export commodity from Australia in terms of revenue; in 2020, Australia held the third-largest recoverable coal reserves in the world behind the United States and Russia note 2: Australia is by far the world's largest supplier of opals note 3: Australia holds the largest uranium reserves in the world and was the second-largest global uranium producer behind Kazakhstan in 2020 note 4: Australia was the largest exporter of LNG in the world in 2020
2021, 2020 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
wheat, sugarcane, barley, rapeseed, milk, cotton, sorghum, beef, lentils, grapes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 37%, Japan 16%, S. Korea 6%, India 5%, Taiwan 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
iron ore, coal, natural gas, gold, minerals (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 26%, USA 11%, S. Korea 6%, Japan 6%, Thailand 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, cars, trucks, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 47.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 43.1% (2023 est.) forest: 17.3% (2023 est.) other: 35.4% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires volcanism: volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.) note: data represent language spoken at home
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant 18.1% (Anglican 9.8%, Uniting Church 2.6%, Presbyterian and Reformed 1.6%, Baptist 1.4%, Pentecostal 1%, other Protestant 1.7%), other Christian 3.5%, Muslim 3.2%, Hindu 2.7%, Buddhist 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3% (Eastern Orthodox 2.1%, Oriental Orthodox 0.2%), other 2.1%, none 38.4%, unspecified 7.3% (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,526,772/female 2,369,425) 15-64 years: 64.7% (male 8,688,023/female 8,640,671) 65 years and over: 17% (2024 est.) (male 2,090,315/female 2,453,392)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 83.5 years (2024 est.) male: 81.3 years female: 85.7 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 108.193 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 267.818 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 11.455 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 64.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 17.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 11.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 5.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 386,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 1.151 million bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 2.446 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2024, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 151.307 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 48.845 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 105.146 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 521.034 million cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 3.228 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
394.653 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 146.81 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 154.346 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 93.497 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 30.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 9.63 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
2,257 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 32,606 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 66 (2024) large: 5 medium: 8 small: 24 very small: 29 ports with oil terminals: 38 key ports: Brisbane, Dampier, Darwin, Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Adelaide, Port Dalrymple, Port Kembla, Port Lincoln, Sydney
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 2.2% (2024 est.) industry: 26% (2024 est.) services: 65.5% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Australian Dollar
AUD per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 AUD = US$0.6964273
1.3851–1.4406 AUD per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | AUD per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 1.4359 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 1.4387 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 1.4406 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 1.4406 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 1.4404 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 1.4382 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 1.4329 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 1.4273 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 1.424 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 1.4235 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 1.4234 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 1.4233 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 1.4198 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 1.41 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 1.405 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 1.4037 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 1.4049 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 1.405 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 1.4052 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 1.4054 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 1.4029 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 1.403 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 1.3986 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 1.394 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 1.3935 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 1.3929 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 1.3876 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 1.3851 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 1.3863 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 1.3877 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Exchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
CONTINUE YOUR RESEARCH
Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.