ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Yemen
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Yemen, Rep. · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
41,773,878
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 41773878 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$21.61 billion
current US$
observation · older available record
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 21606160663.0318 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$634
current US$ per person
observation · older available record
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 633.887202451545 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Yemen at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 34,505,496 (2025 est.) male: 17,275,539 female: 17,229,957
Area
total : 527,968 sq km land: 527,968 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$18.719 billion (2024 est.) $18.908 billion (2023 est.) $19.294 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2015 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$8.278 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
0.8% (2018 est.) -5.1% (2017 est.) -9.4% (2016 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$200 (2024 est.) $200 (2023 est.) $300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2015 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
29.1% (2022 est.) 26% (2021 est.) 19.6% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
17.1% (2024 est.) 17.1% (2023 est.) 17.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
7.848 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Budget
revenues: $2.207 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $3.585 billion (2019 est.)
Current account balance
-$2.419 billion (2016 est.) -$3.026 billion (2015 est.) -$1.488 billion (2014 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$384.5 million (2017 est.) $938.469 million (2016 est.) $1.867 billion (2015 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$4.079 billion (2017 est.) $8.256 billion (2016 est.) $7.697 billion (2015 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$1.251 billion (2022 est.) $1.688 billion (2021 est.) $969.613 million (2020 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$6.492 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 76% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 96.1% electrification - rural areas: 65%
Internet users
percent of population: 14% (2020 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Sanaa geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name is reputed to mean "fortified place" in an ancient language
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
low-income Middle Eastern economy; infrastructure, trade, and economic institutions devastated by civil war; oil/gas-dependent but decreasing reserves; massive poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment; high inflation
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble; small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper; fertile soil in west
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
mangoes/guavas, potatoes, milk, onions, spices, chicken, sorghum, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles, leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; aluminum products; cement; commercial ship repair; natural gas production
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
UAE 28%, India 21%, Saudi Arabia 17%, Oman 7%, Malaysia 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
gold, fish, scrap iron, shellfish, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 23%, UAE 15%, Saudi Arabia 11%, Turkey 8%, India 7% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
wheat, raw sugar, rice, iron bars, plastic products (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 44.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 2.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 41.7% (2023 est.) forest: 1% (2023 est.) other: 54.5% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
sandstorms and dust storms in summer volcanism: limited volcanic activity; Jebel at Tair (Jabal al-Tair, Jebel Teir, Jabal al-Tayr, Jazirat at-Tair) (244 m), which forms an island in the Red Sea, became active in 2007; other historically active volcanoes include Harra of Arhab, Harras of Dhamar, Harra es-Sawad, and Jebel Zubair, although many of these have not erupted in over a century
2007 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Arabic (official) major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Muslim 99.1% (official; virtually all are citizens, an estimated 65% are Sunni and 35% are Shia), other 0.9% (includes Jewish, Baha'i, Hindu, and Christian; many are refugees or temporary foreign residents) (2020 est.)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 34.4% (male 5,622,998/female 5,430,285) 15-64 years: 62.2% (male 10,112,603/female 9,865,805) 65 years and over: 3.4% (2024 est.) (male 485,538/female 623,214)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 39.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
2023, 2015 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 68.2 years (2024 est.) male: 65.8 years female: 70.6 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
female: 54.1% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 1.79 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 2.579 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 486.24 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 83% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 17% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 58,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 3 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 10.286 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 10.286 million cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 478.555 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
8.193 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 93,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 8.08 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 21,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 20 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 51 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 486,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
37 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 10 (2024) large: 1 medium: 2 small: 2 very small: 5 ports with oil terminals: 6 key ports: Aden, Al Ahmadi, Al Mukalla, Al Mukha, Ras Isa Marine Terminal
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 28.7% (2018 est.) industry: 25.4% (2018 est.) services: 41.8% (2018 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2018 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
20.05% of GDP (2023 est.) 16.02% of GDP (2022 est.) 19.44% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Yemeni Rial
YER per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 YER = US$0.004228151
236.5–237.34 YER per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | YER per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 236.51 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 236.88 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 236.93 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 237.17 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 237.34 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 236.96 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 236.5 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 236.62 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 236.7 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 236.71 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 236.82 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 236.81 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 237.01 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 236.54 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 236.67 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 236.73 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 236.9 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 237.04 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 237.04 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 237.12 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 236.78 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 237.21 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 237.28 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 237.15 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 237.21 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 237 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 237.01 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 236.94 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 236.8 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.