ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Viet Nam
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Viet Nam · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
101,598,527
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 101598527 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$514.7 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 514697215165.065 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$5,066
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 5065.99091899299 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Viet Nam at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 106,688,169 (2025 est.) male: 53,597,784 female: 53,090,385
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.456 trillion (2024 est.) $1.359 trillion (2023 est.) $1.294 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$476.388 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
7.1% (2024 est.) 5.1% (2023 est.) 8.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$14,400 (2024 est.) $13,500 (2023 est.) $13,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.6% (2024 est.) 3.3% (2023 est.) 3.2% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
1.5% (2024 est.) 1.7% (2023 est.) 1.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
57.133 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
58.5% of GDP (2017 est.) note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Budget
revenues: $68.818 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $83.707 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$28.047 billion (2024 est.) $25.793 billion (2023 est.) $1.402 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$429.383 billion (2024 est.) $374.986 billion (2023 est.) $385.241 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$398.672 billion (2024 est.) $339.785 billion (2023 est.) $369.746 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$83.082 billion (2024 est.) $92.238 billion (2023 est.) $86.54 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$34.426 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Hanoi (Ha Noi) geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means "inside the river," from the Vietnamese words ha (river) and noi (inside), and refers to its location in a bend of the Red River
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
lower middle-income socialist East Asian economy; rapid economic growth since Đổi Mới reforms; strong investment and productivity growth; tourism and manufacturing hub; TPP signatory; declining poverty aside from ethnic minorities; systemic corruption
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
antimony, phosphates, coal, manganese, rare earth elements, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, timber, hydropower, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
rice, vegetables, sugarcane, cassava, maize, pork, fruits, bananas, coconuts, coffee (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 28%, China 20%, Japan 6%, Hong Kong 4%, Germany 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
broadcasting equipment, garments, integrated circuits, machine parts, footwear (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 49%, Singapore 6%, Japan 6%, Hong Kong 5%, Taiwan 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, fabric, plastics, telephones (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 39.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 21.5% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 15.7% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 2% (2023 est.) forest: 47% (2023 est.) other: 13.7% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) major-language sample(s): Dữ kiện thế giới, l nguồn th ng tin cơ bản kh ng thể thiếu. (Vietnamese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Catholic 6.1%, Buddhist 5.8%, Protestant 1%, other 0.8%, none 86.3% (2019 est.) note: most Vietnamese are culturally Buddhist
2019 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 23.2% (male 12,953,719/female 11,579,690) 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 36,591,845/female 35,887,201) 65 years and over: 8.3% (2024 est.) (male 3,563,611/female 5,182,909)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 39.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.1 years (2024 est.) male: 73.5 years female: 78.9 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 96.1% (2022 est.) male: 97.2% (2022 est.) female: 95.1% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 85.725 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 277.501 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 933.237 million kWh (2023 est.) imports: 3.106 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 18.197 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 9.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 34.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 187,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 544,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 4.4 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 7.48 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 7.48 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 699.426 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
305.404 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 218.502 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 72.383 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 14.52 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 129 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 22.8 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
36 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 2,600 km (2014) standard gauge: 178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gauge narrow gauge: 2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 16 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 6 very small: 9 ports with oil terminals: 12 key ports: Da Nang, Hai Phong, Nghe Tinh, Nha Trang, Thanh Ho Chi Minh, Vinh Cam Ranh, Vung Tau
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 11.9% (2024 est.) industry: 37.6% (2024 est.) services: 42.4% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
3.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 3.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 3.5% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Dong
VND per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 VND = US$0.0000385401
25,868–25,983 VND per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | VND per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 25,947 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 25,949 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 25,945 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 25,954 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 25,959 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 25,945 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 25,915 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 25,917 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 25,921 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 25,925 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 25,929 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 25,930 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 25,953 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 25,948 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 25,954 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 25,949 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 25,950 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 25,957 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 25,951 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 25,933 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 25,903 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 25,908 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 25,883 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 25,869 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 25,872 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 25,874 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 25,868 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 25,891 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 25,952 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 25,983 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.