ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Taiwan
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
No matching World Bank economy was found for Taiwan. Figures from another country or a regional aggregate have not been substituted.
Population
Not available
people
No observation in this snapshot
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
Not available
current US$
No observation in this snapshot
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
Not available
current US$ per person
No observation in this snapshot
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Taiwan at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 23,600,776 (2025 est.) male: 11,596,835 female: 12,003,941
Area
total : 35,980 sq km land: 32,260 sq km water: 3,720 sq km note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.743 trillion (2023 est.) $1.664 trillion (2022 est.) $1.512 trillion (2021 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate)
$611.391 billion (2023 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
1.28% (2023 est.) 2.59% (2022 est.) 6.62% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$32,300 (2023 est.) $32,600 (2022 est.) $32,900 (2021 est.) note: data are in current dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.2% (2024 est.) 2.5% (2023 est.) 2.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
3.4% (2024 est.) 3.5% (2023 est.) 3.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Public debt
35.7% of GDP (2017 est.) note: data for central government
Budget
revenues: $94.943 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $105.833 billion (2019 est.)
Current account balance
$105.076 billion (2023 est.) $101.032 billion (2022 est.) $118.298 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$432.432 billion (2023 est.) $479.415 billion (2022 est.) $446.371 billion (2021 est.) note: figures complied according to the General Trade System - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$351.441 billion (2023 est.) $428.083 billion (2022 est.) $381.958 billion (2021 est.) note: figures complied according to the General Trade System - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Internet users
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
29 of 29 sections
Location
Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Taipei geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means "Northern Taiwan," from the Chinese words tai (a short form of Taiwan) and bei (north), reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
high-income East Asian economy; most technologically advanced computer microchip manufacturing; increasing Chinese interference threatens market capabilities; minimum wages rising; longstanding regional socioeconomic inequality
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, asbestos, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
rice, vegetables, pork, chicken, cabbages, milk, sugarcane, tropical fruits, pineapples, eggs (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
electronics, communications and information technology products, petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 20%, USA 17%, Hong Kong 13%, Singapore 9%, Japan 7% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
integrated circuits, machine parts, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastics (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 21%, Japan 13%, USA 11%, S. Korea 9%, Australia 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, coal (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); persistent and extensive cloudiness all year
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 22% (2023 est.) arable land: 16.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 0% (2022 est.) other: 78% (2022 est.)
2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
earthquakes; typhoons volcanism: Kueishantao Island (401 m), east of Taiwan, is the only historically active volcano, but it has not erupted in centuries
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages major-language sample(s): 世界概況 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Buddhist 35.3%, Taoist 33.2%, Christian 3.9%, folk religion (includes Confucian) approximately 10%, none or unspecified 18.2% (2005 est.)
2005 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 12.1% (male 1,472,059/female 1,391,031) 15-64 years: 69% (male 8,132,356/female 8,155,582) 65 years and over: 18.8% (2024 est.) (male 2,002,076/female 2,442,170)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.6 years (2024 est.) male: 78.6 years female: 84.7 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 64.535 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 270.648 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 7.907 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 84.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 800 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 954,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 2.38 million barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 60.761 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 27.222 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 26.997 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 6.23 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
289.109 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 140.734 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 92.014 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 56.361 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 29.8 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
2019 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
57 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 1,613.1 km (2018) standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified) 150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
2018 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 8 (2024) large: 1 medium: 3 small: 2 very small: 2 ports with oil terminals: 8 key ports: Chi-Lung, Hua-Lien Kang, Kao-Hsiung, Su-Ao
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
New Taiwan Dollar
TWD per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 TWD = US$0.03146831
31.478–31.924 TWD per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | TWD per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 31.778 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 31.822 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 31.882 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 31.902 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 31.908 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 31.924 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 31.856 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 31.838 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 31.783 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 31.774 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 31.787 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 31.789 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 31.809 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 31.714 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 31.699 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 31.766 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 31.826 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 31.839 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 31.839 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 31.878 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 31.796 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 31.798 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 31.714 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 31.624 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 31.611 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 31.61 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 31.528 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 31.478 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 31.514 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 31.593 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Exchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.