ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Turkmenistan
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Turkmenistan · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
7,618,847
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 7618847 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$49.83 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 49828621355.6516 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$6,540
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 6540.17876401136 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Turkmenistan at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 5,744,151 (2024 est.) male: 2,842,870 female: 2,901,281
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$134.555 billion (2024 est.) $131.576 billion (2023 est.) $123.778 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$64.24 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
2.3% (2024 est.) 6.3% (2023 est.) 6.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$18,000 (2024 est.) $17,900 (2023 est.) $17,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2017 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
11.5% (2022 est.) 19.5% (2021 est.) 6.1% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
4.4% (2024 est.) 4.1% (2023 est.) 4.2% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
2.445 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Budget
revenues: $5.954 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $6.134 billion (2019 est.)
Exports
$13.111 billion (2023 est.) $14.67 billion (2022 est.) $10.282 billion (2021 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$7.563 billion (2023 est.) $7.362 billion (2022 est.) $6.25 billion (2021 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Debt - external
$3.696 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 21% (2017 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: derived from the Turkmen words ushq , meaning "love," and abad , meaning "inhabited place" or "town;" the city was originally a military outpost built in 1881 that took its name from an ancient settlement on the site
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper-middle-income Central Asian economy; houses fourth-largest natural gas reserves and rich in natural resources; authoritarian and dominated by state-owned enterprises; challenges include overvalued currency, high inflation risks, lack of economic diversification due to heavy state control and bureaucracy
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
milk, wheat, potatoes, cotton, watermelons, tomatoes, grapes, barley, beef, lamb/mutton (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 63%, Turkey 11%, Greece 7%, Uzbekistan 6%, Azerbaijan 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
natural gas, refined petroleum, fertilizers, crude petroleum, electricity (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Turkey 21%, UAE 21%, China 20%, Kazakhstan 8%, Germany 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
broadcasting equipment, cars, wheat, computers, iron pipes (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
subtropical desert
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 84.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 3.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 80.8% (2023 est.) forest: 5% (2023 est.) other: 10.7% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
earthquakes; mudslides; droughts; dust storms; floods
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% major-language sample(s): D n Faktlar Kitaby esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp eşmesidir (Turkmen) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Muslim 93%, Christian 6.4%, Buddhist 1%, folk religion 1%, Jewish 1%, other 1%, unspecified 1% (2020 est.)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 24.5% (male 711,784/female 692,967) 15-64 years: 68.6% (male 1,956,740/female 1,984,333) 65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 174,346/female 223,981)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 54% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.4 years (2024 est.) male: 69.4 years female: 75.5 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) male: 99.9% (2022 est.) female: 99.9% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 6.512 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 21.526 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 9 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 3.258 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 272,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 152,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 600 million barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 84.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 44.936 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 41.334 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 11.327 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
106.215 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 100 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 18.062 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 88.153 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 6.25 million (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 377,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
23 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 5,113 km (2017) broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge
2017 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 11.3% (2023 est.) industry: 39.3% (2023 est.) services: 49.4% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) 0% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Turkmenistan New Manat
TMT per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 TMT = US$0.2857143
3.5–3.5 TMT per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | TMT per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 3.5 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 3.5 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.