ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Timor-Leste
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Timor-Leste · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
1,418,517
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 1418517 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$1.9 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 1902180257.82737 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$1,341
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 1340.9640193437 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Timor-Leste at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 1,404,785 (2025 est.) male: 693,940 female: 710,845
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$5.863 billion (2024 est.) $5.995 billion (2023 est.) $7.322 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$1.881 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
-2.2% (2024 est.) -18.1% (2023 est.) -20.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$4,200 (2024 est.) $4,300 (2023 est.) $5,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.1% (2024 est.) 8.4% (2023 est.) 7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
1.7% (2024 est.) 1.6% (2023 est.) 1.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
615,900 (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Budget
revenues: $1.877 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $1.826 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$529.738 million (2024 est.) -$177.336 million (2023 est.) $408.059 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$278.047 million (2024 est.) $701.808 million (2023 est.) $1.858 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$1.197 billion (2024 est.) $1.169 billion (2023 est.) $1.286 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$736.967 million (2024 est.) $781.995 million (2023 est.) $830.81 million (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$238.042 million (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 99.7% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 100%
Internet users
percent of population: 34% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Dili geographic coordinates: 8 35 S, 125 36 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
lower middle-income Southeast Asian economy; government expenditures funded via oil fund drawdowns; endemic corruption undermines growth; foreign aid-dependent; wide-scale poverty, unemployment, and illiteracy
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
maize, rice, coconuts, root vegetables, vegetables, cassava, other meats, pork, beans, coffee (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 46%, Singapore 25%, Japan 15%, Indonesia 5%, USA 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, coffee, scrap iron, telephones (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Indonesia 34%, China 26%, Singapore 9%, Taiwan 5%, India 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, rice, cars, plastic products, trucks (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mountainous
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 23% (2023 est.) arable land: 7.5% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 10.1% (2023 est.) forest: 71% (2023 est.) other: 6% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
floods and landslides are common; earthquakes; tsunamis; tropical cyclones
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Tetun Prasa 30.6%, Mambai 16.6%, Makasai 10.5%, Tetun Terik 6.1%, Baikenu 5.9%, Kemak 5.8%, Bunak 5.5%, Tokodede 4%, Fataluku 3.5%, Waima'a 1.8%, Galoli 1.4%, Naueti 1.4%, Idate 1.2%, Midiki 1.2%, other 4.5% (2015 est.) note: data represent population by mother tongue; Tetun and Portuguese are official languages; Indonesian and English are working languages; there are about 32 indigenous languages
2015 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Catholic 90.7%, other 7.1%, Protestant Evangelical 1.9%; less than 1%: Islam, Buddhist, Hindu (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 38.7% (male 299,929/female 283,416) 15-64 years: 56.8% (male 418,493/female 437,727) 65 years and over: 4.5% (2024 est.) (male 32,243/female 35,101)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 32.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.31% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 70.5 years (2024 est.) male: 68.9 years female: 72.3 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 72.5% (2022 est.) male: 73.1% (2022 est.) female: 71.8% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 277,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 411.519 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 99.481 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 99.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 521.034 million cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 521.034 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 660,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1.63 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 0 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
11 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 1 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 0 ports with oil terminals: 0 key ports: Dili
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 16.9% (2023 est.) industry: 23.9% (2023 est.) services: 61% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
11.7% of GDP (2024 est.) 9.3% of GDP (2023 est.) 5.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
US Dollar
USD per US$1
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.