ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Thailand
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Thailand · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
71,619,863
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 71619863 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$577.01 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 577009981112.015 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$8,057
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 8056.56359761558 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Thailand at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 70,025,248 (2025 est.) male: 34,101,016 female: 35,924,232
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.558 trillion (2024 est.) $1.519 trillion (2023 est.) $1.489 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$526.411 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
2.5% (2024 est.) 2% (2023 est.) 2.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$21,700 (2024 est.) $21,200 (2023 est.) $20,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1.4% (2024 est.) 8.5% (2023 est.) -1.6% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
0.7% (2024 est.) 0.8% (2023 est.) 1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
40.623 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
61.1% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $102.84 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $114.521 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$11.089 billion (2024 est.) $7.412 billion (2023 est.) -$17.162 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$369.191 billion (2024 est.) $337.45 billion (2023 est.) $324.111 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$351.419 billion (2024 est.) $327.008 billion (2023 est.) $334.44 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$236.934 billion (2024 est.) $224.47 billion (2023 est.) $216.501 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$37.065 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 99.9% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 100%
Internet users
percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Bangkok geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name is from the Thai words bang (region) and kok (olive trees); the city's full ceremonial name holds the world record for longest place name, Krungthepmahanakhon amonrattanakosin mahintharayutthaya mahadilokphop noppharatratchathaniburirom udomratchaniwetmahasathan amonphimanawatansathit sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit, which means "City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest"
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper middle-income Southeast Asian economy; substantial infrastructure; major electronics, food, and automobile parts exporter; globally used currency; extremely low unemployment; ongoing Thailand 4.0 economic development
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
tin, rubber, natural gas, tungsten, tantalum, timber, lead, fish, gypsum, lignite, fluorite, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
sugarcane, rice, cassava, oil palm fruit, maize, rubber, tropical fruits, chicken, mangoes/guavas, fruits (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry and electric appliances, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, automobiles and automotive parts, agricultural machinery, air conditioning and refrigeration, ceramics, aluminum, chemical, environmental management, glass, granite and marble, leather, machinery and metal work, petrochemical, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, printing, pulp and paper, rubber, sugar, rice, fishing, cassava, world's second-largest tungsten producer and third-largest tin producer
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 18%, China 13%, Japan 7%, Australia 4%, Singapore 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
machine parts, integrated circuits, trucks, cars, broadcasting equipment (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 26%, Japan 11%, USA 7%, UAE 6%, Taiwan 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, integrated circuits, natural gas, gold, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 43.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 31% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 11.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1.6% (2023 est.) forest: 39% (2023 est.) other: 17.2% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
land subsidence in Bangkok area resulting from the depletion of the water table; droughts
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); English is a secondary language among the elite (2010 est.) major-language sample(s): สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: data represent population by language(s) spoken at home
2010 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Buddhist 92.5%, Muslim 5.4%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.9% (includes animist, Confucian, Hindu, Jewish, Sikh, and Taoist) (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.8% (male 5,669,592/female 5,394,398) 15-64 years: 69% (male 23,681,528/female 24,597,535) 65 years and over: 15.1% (2024 est.) (male 4,714,191/female 5,863,754)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.2 years (2024 est.) male: 75.2 years female: 81.3 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 91.1% (2022 est.) male: 90.7% (2022 est.) female: 91.5% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 55.971 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 215.281 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 2.256 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 35.805 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 14.44 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 81.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 10.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 386,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 1.397 million bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 252.75 million barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 29.614 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 52.351 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 22.738 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 138.243 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
336.693 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 79.928 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 160.931 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 95.834 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 115 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 161 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 11.5 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
105 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 4,127 km (2017) standard gauge: 84 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (84 km electrified) narrow gauge: 4,043 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
2017 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 21 (2024) large: 1 medium: 2 small: 3 very small: 15 ports with oil terminals: 14 key ports: Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Pattani, Phuket, Sattahip, Si Racha
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 8.7% (2024 est.) industry: 32.1% (2024 est.) services: 59.2% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
1.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Baht
THB per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 THB = US$0.0297274
32.888–33.639 THB per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | THB per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 33.639 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 33.633 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 33.589 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 33.592 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 33.599 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 33.618 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 33.554 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 33.568 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 33.501 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 33.384 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 33.384 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 33.398 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 33.402 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 33.233 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 33.224 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 33.289 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 33.321 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 33.325 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 33.322 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 33.318 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 33.262 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 33.267 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 33.168 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 33.055 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 33.046 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 33.039 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 32.937 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 32.888 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 32.903 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 32.91 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.