AFRICA · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Eswatini
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Eswatini · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
1,256,174
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 1256174 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$5.16 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 5160679612.81734 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$4,108
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 4108.25221093363 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Eswatini at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 1,137,268 (2025 est.) male: 557,204 female: 580,064
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$12.885 billion (2024 est.) $12.553 billion (2023 est.) $12.135 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$4.892 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
2.6% (2024 est.) 3.4% (2023 est.) 1.1% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$10,400 (2024 est.) $10,200 (2023 est.) $10,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.6% (2019 est.) 4.8% (2018 est.) 6.2% (2017 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
34.4% (2024 est.) 35.1% (2023 est.) 35.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
390,600 (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
35.9% of GDP (2021 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $1.217 billion (2021 est.) expenditures: $1.439 billion (2021 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$107.534 million (2023 est.) -$140.972 million (2022 est.) $125.318 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$2.174 billion (2023 est.) $2.095 billion (2022 est.) $2.132 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$2.351 billion (2023 est.) $2.288 billion (2022 est.) $2.173 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$479.261 million (2023 est.) $452.352 million (2022 est.) $572.282 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$923.266 million (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 82.3% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 86.1% electrification - rural areas: 81.6%
Internet users
percent of population: 58% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
30 of 30 sections
Location
Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital) geographic coordinates: 26 19 S, 31 08 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; it may come from the Mbabane River next to the city, whose name is said to derive from the word lubabe , a type of shrub; another theory cites a local chief, Mbabane KUNENE, as the source of the name
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
landlocked southern African economy; South African trade dependent and currency pegging; CMA and SACU member state; COVID-19 economic slowdown; growing utilities inflation; persistent poverty and unemployment; HIV/AIDS labor force disruptions
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
sugarcane, maize, root vegetables, grapefruits, oranges, milk, pineapples, bananas, beef, sweet potatoes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
soft drink concentrates, coal, forestry, sugar processing, textiles, and apparel
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
South Africa 61%, Ireland 4%, Mozambique 4%, Kenya 4%, Nigeria 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
scented mixtures, raw sugar, industrial acids/oils/alcohols, garments, wood (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
South Africa 71%, China 8%, India 4%, USA 2%, Mozambique 1% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, electricity, plastic products, cotton fabric, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
varies from tropical to near temperate
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 69.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 10.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 58.1% (2023 est.) forest: 25.4% (2023 est.) other: 5.2% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
drought
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and traditional African religions - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other Christian 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) (2015 est.)
2015 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 31.6% (male 180,328/female 179,840) 15-64 years: 64.3% (male 341,298/female 390,884) 65 years and over: 4% (2024 est.) (male 16,974/female 28,765)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 24.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 60.7 years (2024 est.) male: 58.7 years female: 62.8 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 90.8% (2022 est.) male: 91.1% (2022 est.) female: 90.4% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 285,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 1.308 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 928.237 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 167.476 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 54.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 37.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
1.326 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 410,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 916,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1.74 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 34,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
16 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 301 km (2014) narrow gauge: 301 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 6.8% (2023 est.) industry: 34.7% (2023 est.) services: 51.7% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
1.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.7% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.8% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Lilangeni
SZL per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 SZL = US$0.06043757
15.9962–16.6477 SZL per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | SZL per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 16.546 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 16.6477 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 16.6351 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 16.5751 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 16.5047 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 16.3693 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 16.4023 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 16.3152 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 16.3229 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 16.3512 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 16.4046 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 16.2838 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 16.2468 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 16.2636 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 16.2986 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 16.3308 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 16.3086 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 16.2485 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 16.2578 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 16.2433 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 16.1122 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 16.0929 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 16.0925 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 16.0149 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 16.0011 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 15.9962 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.