ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Syrian Arab Republic
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Syrian Arab Republic · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
25,620,427
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 25620427 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$23.74 billion
current US$
observation · older available record
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 23737634644.3994 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$1,057
current US$ per person
observation · older available record
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 1056.78264718197 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Syrian Arab Republic at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 24,261,882 (2025 est.) male: 12,183,128 female: 12,078,754
Area
total : 187,437 sq km land: 185,887 sq km water: 1,550 sq km note: includes 1,295 sq km of Israeli-occupied territory
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$98.858 billion (2023 est.) $100.066 billion (2022 est.) $99.338 billion (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$19.993 billion (2023 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
-1.2% (2023 est.) 0.7% (2022 est.) 1.9% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$4,200 (2023 est.) $4,500 (2022 est.) $4,600 (2021 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
94.1% (2022 est.) 98.3% (2021 est.) 114.2% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
13% (2024 est.) 13.2% (2023 est.) 13.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
6.617 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Budget
revenues: $1.162 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: $3.211 billion (2017 est.) note: government projections for FY2016
Exports
$1.609 billion (2022 est.) $2.227 billion (2021 est.) $1.649 billion (2020 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$6.803 billion (2022 est.) $6.56 billion (2021 est.) $3.751 billion (2020 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Debt - external
$4.573 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 89% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 75%
Internet users
percent of population: 35% (2019 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Damascus geographic coordinates: 33 30 N, 36 18 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the city has an ancient, pre-Semitic name of unknown origin
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
low-income Middle Eastern economy; prior infrastructure and economy devastated by 11-year civil war; ongoing US sanctions; sporadic trans-migration during conflict; currently being supported by World Bank trust fund; ongoing hyperinflation
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
petroleum, phosphates, chrome and manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
wheat, barley, milk, sheep milk, tomatoes, olives, potatoes, maize, oranges, grapes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, automobile assembly
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Turkey 29%, Saudi Arabia 16%, Lebanon 10%, India 10%, UAE 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
olive oil, phosphates, spice seeds, cotton, tomatoes (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Turkey 49%, UAE 11%, China 8%, Egypt 7%, Lebanon 3% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
tobacco, plastics, wheat flours, plastic products, seed oils (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 74.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 24% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 5.7% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 44.5% (2023 est.) forest: 2.9% (2023 est.) other: 23% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
dust storms, sandstorms volcanism: Syria's two historically active volcanoes, Es Safa and an unnamed volcano near the Turkish border, have not erupted in centuries
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Arabic (official), Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian, French, English major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Muslim 87% (official; includes Sunni 74% and Alawi, Ismaili, and Shia 13%), Christian 10% (includes Orthodox, Uniate, and Nestorian), Druze 3% note: the Christian population may be considerably smaller as a result of Christians fleeing the country during the ongoing civil war
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 33% (male 4,037,493/female 3,828,777) 15-64 years: 62.8% (male 7,475,355/female 7,522,797) 65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 468,730/female 532,271)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 5.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 74.8 years (2024 est.) male: 73.4 years female: 76.4 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 94.4% (2021 est.) male: 97.2% (2021 est.) female: 91.8% (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 9.636 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 15.522 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 358.723 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 4.214 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 95.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 65,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 102,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 2.5 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 2.763 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 2.763 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 240.693 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
20.243 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 33,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 14.79 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 5.42 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 17.6 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 71 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 1.62 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
42 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 2,052 km (2014) standard gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 251 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 3 (2024) large: 1 medium: 1 small: 1 very small: 0 ports with oil terminals: 3 key ports: Al Ladhiqiyah, Baniyas, Tartus
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 43.1% (2022 est.) industry: 12% (2022 est.) services: 44.9% (2022 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) 0% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Syrian Pound
SYP per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 SYP = US$0.008189337
121.94–122.45 SYP per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | SYP per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 122.11 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 122.26 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 122.27 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 122.39 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 122.45 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 122.26 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 121.99 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 122.06 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 122.09 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 122.11 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 122.16 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 122.16 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 122.26 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 122.02 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 122.07 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 122.11 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 122.18 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 122.27 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 122.27 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 122.29 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 122.04 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 122.12 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 122.16 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 122.1 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 122.14 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 122.03 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 122.04 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 122 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 121.94 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.