AFRICA · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Sao Tome and Principe
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Sao Tome and Principe · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
240,254
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 240254 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$981.29 million
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 981293586.906408 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$4,084
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 4084.40062145233 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Sao Tome and Principe at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 223,561 (2024 est.) male: 111,553 female: 112,008
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.291 billion (2024 est.) $1.279 billion (2023 est.) $1.275 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$764.274 million (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
0.9% (2024 est.) 0.4% (2023 est.) 0.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$5,500 (2024 est.) $5,500 (2023 est.) $5,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
14.4% (2024 est.) 21.3% (2023 est.) 18% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
9.2% (2024 est.) 9.1% (2023 est.) 9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
34,500 (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Budget
revenues: $128.767 million (2022 est.) expenditures: $165.95 million (2022 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$79.437 million (2022 est.) -$95.248 million (2021 est.) -$59.595 million (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$96.977 million (2022 est.) $75.256 million (2021 est.) $49.337 million (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$219.322 million (2022 est.) $201.145 million (2021 est.) $160.097 million (2020 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$46.247 million (2023 est.) $64.476 million (2022 est.) $75.017 million (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$327.248 million (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 78% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 80% electrification - rural areas: 73.7%
Internet users
percent of population: 62% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
30 of 30 sections
Location
Central Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, just north of the Equator, west of Gabon
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Sao Tome geographic coordinates: 0 20 N, 6 44 E time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese, who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
lower middle-income Central African island economy; falling cocoa production due to drought and mismanagement; joint oil venture with Nigeria; government owns 90% of land; high debt, partly from fuel subsidies; tourism gutted by COVID-19
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
fish, hydropower
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
plantains, oil palm fruit, taro, bananas, fruits, cocoa beans, yams, coconuts, cassava, vegetables (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Pakistan 54%, Germany 11%, Netherlands 7%, France 5%, UAE 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, cocoa beans, vehicle parts/accessories, palm oil, aircraft parts (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Portugal 35%, Angola 13%, Gabon 11%, Japan 8%, China 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
ships, refined petroleum, rice, electric generating sets, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
volcanic, mountainous
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 44.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 39.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.) forest: 57.5% (2023 est.) other: 0% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
flooding
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, other (including sign language) 2.4%; other Portuguese-based Creoles are also spoken (2012 est.) note: shares of language sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
2012 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%, Assembly of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana 2.3%, Universal Kingdom of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%, unspecified 1% (2012 est.)
2012 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 36.4% (male 41,337/female 40,106) 15-64 years: 60.3% (male 67,101/female 67,775) 65 years and over: 3.2% (2024 est.) (male 3,115/female 4,127)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 76.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 67.7 years (2024 est.) male: 66 years female: 69.4 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 87.4% (2019 est.) male: 92.5% (2019 est.) female: 82.8% (2019 est.)
2019 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 29,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 47.05 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 40.95 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 1,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 152,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 87 (2022 est.)
2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 6,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
2 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 2 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 0 very small: 2 ports with oil terminals: 0 key ports: Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 12.8% (2024 est.) industry: 2.9% (2024 est.) services: 76.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 2% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Dobra
STN per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 STN = US$0.04627701
21.226–21.746 STN per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | STN per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 21.609 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 21.709 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 21.746 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 21.677 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 21.582 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 21.521 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 21.519 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 21.559 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 21.613 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 21.511 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 21.402 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 21.394 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 21.471 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 21.464 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 21.356 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 21.337 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 21.339 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 21.296 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 21.25 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 21.23 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 21.24 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 21.226 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.