EUROPE · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Netherlands
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Netherlands · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
18,087,633
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 18087633 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$1.33 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 1332767651100.39 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$73,684
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 73683.917132794 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Netherlands at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Government type
parliamentary constitutional monarchy; part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Population
total: 17,833,885 (2025 est.) male: 8,874,366 female: 8,959,519
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.276 trillion (2024 est.) $1.263 trillion (2023 est.) $1.263 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$1.228 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
1% (2024 est.) 0.1% (2023 est.) 5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$70,900 (2024 est.) $70,700 (2023 est.) $71,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.3% (2024 est.) 3.8% (2023 est.) 10% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
3.6% (2024 est.) 3.6% (2023 est.) 3.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
10.315 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
56.5% of GDP (2017 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Budget
revenues: $451.11 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $455.334 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$121.825 billion (2024 est.) $113.676 billion (2023 est.) $69.676 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$1.032 trillion (2024 est.) $1.022 trillion (2023 est.) $1.007 trillion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$884.154 billion (2024 est.) $893.132 billion (2023 est.) $915.294 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$79.129 billion (2024 est.) $69.83 billion (2023 est.) $63.353 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 97% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Amsterdam geographic coordinates: 52 21 N, 4 55 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October time zone note: time descriptions apply to the continental Netherlands only, for the constituent countries in the Caribbean, the time difference is UTC-4 etymology: the name is derived from the Dutch name of the local river, the Amstel, and the Dutch word dam , which has the same meaning in English; the river name is said to derive from the Germanic words ama (current) and stelle (place) note: The Hague is the seat of government
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
high-income, core EU- and eurozone-member economy; strong services, logistics, and tech sectors; strongly trade-oriented with heightened risks from global tensions; declining inflation aided by easing energy prices and wage growth; rising but manageable deficits and public debt; strong ratings for innovation, competitiveness, and business climate
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
milk, sugar beets, potatoes, onions, pork, wheat, chicken, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, beef (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Germany 16%, Belgium 15%, France 11%, Italy 6%, USA 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, vaccines, machinery, crude petroleum, broadcasting equipment (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Germany 16%, Belgium 10%, China 10%, USA 10%, UK 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, cars, natural gas (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 53.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 30% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 22.5% (2023 est.) forest: 10.9% (2023 est.) other: 35.5% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
flooding volcanism: Mount Scenery (887 m), located on the island of Saba in the Caribbean, last erupted in 1640; Round Hill (601 m), a dormant volcano also known as "The Quill," is located on the island of St. Eustatius in the Caribbean; these islands are at the northern end of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends south to Grenada
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Dutch (official), Frisian (official in Fryslan province) major-language sample(s): Het Wereld Feitenboek, een onmisbare bron van informatie. (Dutch) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: Frisian, Low Saxon, Limburgish, Romani, and Yiddish have protected status; Dutch is the official language of the three special municipalities of the Caribbean Netherlands; English is a recognized regional language on Sint Eustatius and Saba; Papiamento is a recognized regional language on Bonaire
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Roman Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.8% (includes Dutch Reformed, Protestant Church of The Netherlands, Calvinist), Muslim 5%, other 5.9% (includes Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish), none 54.1% (2019 est.)
2019 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.2% (male 1,384,142/female 1,312,455) 15-64 years: 64.1% (male 5,750,034/female 5,640,691) 65 years and over: 20.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,709,924/female 1,975,132)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 93.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.9 years (2024 est.) male: 80.3 years female: 83.5 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 59.982 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 108.141 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 25.206 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 19.547 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 4.936 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 46.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 17.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 70,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 840,000 bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 137.747 million barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2024, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 11.788 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 31.288 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 45.129 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 66.783 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 132.608 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
188.191 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 23.701 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 112.037 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 52.454 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 23.4 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 129 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 7.83 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
44 (2025) note: Includes 3 airports in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 3,055 km (2020) 2,310 km electrified
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 18 (2024) large: 2 medium: 4 small: 5 very small: 7 ports with oil terminals: 12 key ports: Amsterdam, Dordrecht, Europoort, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.7% (2024 est.) industry: 17.9% (2024 est.) services: 70.3% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.4% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Euro
EUR per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 EUR = US$1.123457
0.85945–0.89011 EUR per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | EUR per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 0.89011 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 0.88998 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 0.88663 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 0.88624 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 0.88569 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 0.88281 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 0.88089 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 0.87986 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 0.87747 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 0.87722 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 0.87731 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 0.87747 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 0.8776 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 0.87407 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 0.8712 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 0.87098 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 0.87046 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 0.87035 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 0.87026 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 0.86922 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 0.86583 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 0.86609 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 0.86392 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 0.86144 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 0.86132 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 0.8611 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 0.8595 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 0.85945 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 0.86065 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 0.86089 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Exchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.