ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Malaysia
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Malaysia · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
35,977,838
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 35977838 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$472.19 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 472193128644.597 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$13,125
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 13124.5554178269 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Malaysia at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Government type
federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy note: all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers (commonly referred to as sultans) except Melaka (Malacca) and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by the federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls)
Population
total: 34,905,275 (2025 est.) male: 17,833,074 female: 17,072,201
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.212 trillion (2024 est.) $1.153 trillion (2023 est.) $1.113 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$421.972 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
5.1% (2024 est.) 3.6% (2023 est.) 8.9% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$34,100 (2024 est.) $32,800 (2023 est.) $32,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1.8% (2024 est.) 2.5% (2023 est.) 3.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
3.9% (2024 est.) 3.9% (2023 est.) 4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
18.264 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
64.3% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $69.055 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $89.046 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$7.15 billion (2024 est.) $6.257 billion (2023 est.) $12.738 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$301.789 billion (2024 est.) $274.1 billion (2023 est.) $312.88 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$279.09 billion (2024 est.) $253.665 billion (2023 est.) $283.758 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$116.229 billion (2024 est.) $113.463 billion (2023 est.) $114.659 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 98% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Kuala Lumpur geographic coordinates: 3 10 N, 101 42 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means "muddy river junction," referring to the city's location on the confluence of the Kelang and Gombak rivers; it comes from the Malay words kuala (river junction or estuary) and lumpur (mud) note: nearby Putrajaya is referred to as a federal government administrative center but not as the capital; the legislature meets in Kuala Lumpur
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper middle-income Southeast Asian economy; implementing key anticorruption policies; major electronics, oil, and chemicals exporter; trade sector employs over 40% of jobs; key economic equity initiative; high labor productivity
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
tin, petroleum, timber, copper, iron ore, natural gas, bauxite
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
oil palm fruit, rice, chicken, eggs, tropical fruits, coconuts, vegetables, pineapples, rubber, bananas (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, petroleum and natural gas, light manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, electronics and semiconductors, timber processing; Sabah - logging, petroleum and natural gas production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum and natural gas production, logging
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 21%, Singapore 12%, USA 12%, Japan 5%, Hong Kong 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, natural gas, palm oil (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 24%, Singapore 11%, USA 7%, Japan 5%, Taiwan 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, coal, broadcasting equipment (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 26.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 2.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 22.7% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0.9% (2023 est.) forest: 57.8% (2023 est.) other: 16% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
flooding; landslides; forest fires
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai major-language sample(s): Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Bahasa Malaysia) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: Malaysia has 134 languages (112 indigenous and 22 non-indigenous); in East Malaysia, there are several indigenous languages, and the most widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Muslim (official) 63.5%, Buddhist 18.7%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.1%, other (Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions) 0.9%, none/unspecified 1.8% (2020 est.)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 22.2% (male 3,947,914/female 3,730,319) 15-64 years: 69.4% (male 12,308,938/female 11,666,947) 65 years and over: 8.4% (2024 est.) (male 1,409,360/female 1,501,332)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 78.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.6 years (2024 est.) male: 75 years female: 78.4 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 95.8% (2022 est.) male: 96.8% (2022 est.) female: 94.7% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 37.22 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 178.653 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 1.2 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 61.678 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 13.188 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 81.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 582,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 672,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 3.6 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 74.32 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 47.112 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 37.451 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 3.359 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.189 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
260.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 76.78 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 90.273 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 92.951 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 49.7 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 4.58 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
100 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 1,851 km (2014) standard gauge: 59 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (59 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,792 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (339 km electrified)
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 35 (2024) large: 3 medium: 4 small: 10 very small: 18 ports with oil terminals: 24 key ports: Johor, Kota Kinabalu, Port Dickson, Port Klang, Pulau Pinang, Tanjung Pelepas, Tapis Marine Terminal A
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 8.2% (2024 est.) industry: 37.1% (2024 est.) services: 53.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.4% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Malaysian Ringgit
MYR per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 MYR = US$0.244792
4.0455–4.094 MYR per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | MYR per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 4.0851 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 4.085 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 4.0839 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 4.0839 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 4.0836 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 4.0825 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 4.0792 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 4.0812 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 4.0791 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 4.0752 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 4.0758 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 4.077 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 4.0824 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 4.076 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 4.0755 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 4.0778 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 4.0835 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 4.0846 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 4.0862 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 4.094 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 4.0838 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 4.0801 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 4.0731 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 4.0691 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 4.0686 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 4.0682 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 4.0654 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 4.0647 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 4.0538 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 4.0455 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.