EUROPE · COUNTRY REFERENCE
North Macedonia
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: North Macedonia · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
1,820,909
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 1820909 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$19.1 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 19101199817.0174 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$10,490
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 10489.9255355525 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
North Macedonia at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 2,137,556 (2025 est.) male: 1,065,634 female: 1,071,922
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$43.844 billion (2024 est.) $42.668 billion (2023 est.) $41.801 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$16.685 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
2.8% (2024 est.) 2.1% (2023 est.) 2.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$24,500 (2024 est.) $23,300 (2023 est.) $22,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.5% (2024 est.) 9.4% (2023 est.) 14.2% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
13.5% (2024 est.) 13.2% (2023 est.) 14.5% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
779,200 (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
39.3% of GDP (2017 est.) note: official data from Ministry of Finance; data cover central government debt; this data excludes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; includes treasury debt held by foreign entitites; excludes debt issued by sub-national entities; there are no debt instruments sold for social funds
Budget
revenues: $4.787 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $5.514 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$374.385 million (2024 est.) $56.573 million (2023 est.) -$868.965 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$10.445 billion (2024 est.) $10.691 billion (2023 est.) $10.123 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$12.644 billion (2024 est.) $12.748 billion (2023 est.) $13.009 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$5.252 billion (2024 est.) $5.015 billion (2023 est.) $4.12 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$5.637 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Skopje geographic coordinates: 42 00 N, 21 26 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the name is of Illyrian or Macedonian origin, and the meaning is unclear; derives from Scupi, its name during the Roman era
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper-middle-income European economy; GDP growth driven by private consumption, public infrastructure investments, and wage growth; stalled progress on EU accession; public debt rising due to high pensions, wages, and interest payments; structural challenges of emigration, low productivity growth, and governance
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
chillies/peppers, milk, wheat, potatoes, grapes, barley, cabbages, maize, watermelons, tomatoes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Germany 39%, Serbia 8%, Bulgaria 6%, Greece 5%, Czechia 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
reaction and catalytic products, insulated wire, electricity, garments, seats (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
UK 12%, Germany 10%, Greece 9%, China 9%, Serbia 8% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
platinum, refined petroleum, laboratory ceramic ware, cars, natural gas (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 49.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 16.5% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 31.5% (2023 est.) forest: 40.9% (2023 est.) other: 9.5% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
high seismic risks
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): Книга на Светски Факти, неопходен извор на основни информации. (Macedonian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: data represent mother tongue; minority languages are co-official with Macedonian in municipalities where at least 20% of the population are speakers, with Albanian co-official in Tetovo, Brvenica, Vrapciste, and other municipalities, Turkish in Centar Zupa and Plasnica, Romani in Suto Orizari, Aromanian in Krusevo, Serbian in Cucer Sandevo
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Orthodox 46.1%, Islam 32.2%, Christian 13.2%, Other 7.2%; less than 1%: atheist, Catholic, other religions, not specified, Protestant (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 16% (male 176,423/female 164,945) 15-64 years: 68.4% (male 740,649/female 719,627) 65 years and over: 15.6% (2024 est.) (male 147,655/female 186,323)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 77.3 years (2024 est.) male: 75.3 years female: 79.6 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
female: 97.8% (2018 est.)
2018 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 2.467 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 5.896 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 7.081 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 7.232 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 993.662 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 68.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 24% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 24,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
consumption: 348.078 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 347.981 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
7.369 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.014 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 3.682 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 673,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1.98 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 515,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
13 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 699 km (2020) 313 km electrified
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 6% (2024 est.) industry: 22.7% (2024 est.) services: 59.2% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
2.7% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 3.3% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Denar
MKD per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 MKD = US$0.01819604
52.897–54.957 MKD per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | MKD per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 54.957 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 54.883 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 54.74 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 54.757 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 54.701 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 54.439 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 54.278 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 54.226 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 54.095 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 54.102 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 54.104 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 54.134 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 54.099 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 53.776 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 53.625 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 53.715 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 53.695 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 53.711 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 53.686 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 53.513 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 53.353 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 53.374 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 53.113 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 53.024 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 53.041 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 53.014 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 52.897 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 52.936 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 52.933 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 52.927 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.