EUROPE · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Republic of Moldova
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Moldova · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
2,360,527
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 2360527 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$20.35 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 20351796275.2943 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$8,622
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 8621.71721623786 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Republic of Moldova at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 3,578,930 (2025 est.) male: 1,687,496 female: 1,891,434
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$39.342 billion (2024 est.) $39.301 billion (2023 est.) $38.835 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$18.2 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
0.1% (2024 est.) 1.2% (2023 est.) -4.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$16,500 (2024 est.) $16,000 (2023 est.) $15,400 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.7% (2024 est.) 13.4% (2023 est.) 28.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
1.5% (2024 est.) 1.6% (2023 est.) 0.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
1.358 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
34.3% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $5.197 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $6.037 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$2.917 billion (2024 est.) -$1.893 billion (2023 est.) -$2.482 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$5.717 billion (2024 est.) $5.866 billion (2023 est.) $5.981 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$10.418 billion (2024 est.) $9.84 billion (2023 est.) $10.265 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$5.484 billion (2024 est.) $5.453 billion (2023 est.) $4.474 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$2.637 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
30 of 30 sections
Location
Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian) geographic coordinates: 47 00 N, 28 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: origin unclear but may derive from the Old Moldovan word kishineu ("spring" or "artesian well") note: pronounced KEE-shee-now (KIH-shi-nyov)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
upper middle-income Eastern European economy; sustained growth reversed by COVID-19; significant remittances; Russian energy and regional dependence; agricultural exporter; declining workforce due to emigration and low fertility
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, limestone, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, grapes, apples, sugar beets, barley, milk, rapeseed, potatoes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Romania 31%, Ukraine 13%, Italy 6%, Germany 6%, Czechia 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
insulated wire, garments, refined petroleum, seed oils, wheat (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Romania 16%, Ukraine 13%, China 11%, Turkey 8%, Germany 7% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, cars, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
moderate winters, warm summers
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 74.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 56.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 8.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 9.4% (2023 est.) forest: 11.3% (2023 est.) other: 13.8% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
landslides
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% Moldovan; 23.5% Romanian), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014) major-language sample(s): Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Moldovan/Romanian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: data represent mother tongue; as of March 2023, "Romanian" replaced "Moldovan" as the name of Moldova's official language
2014, 2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Orthodox 90.1%, other Christian 2.6%, other 0.1%, agnostic 0.1%, atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.9% (2014 est.)
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 14.8% (male 266,493/female 266,166) 15-64 years: 70.2% (male 1,225,535/female 1,300,640) 65 years and over: 15% (2024 est.) (male 206,221/female 334,473)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 43.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 70.1 years (2024 est.) male: 66.1 years female: 74.4 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 779,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 5.674 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 94 million kWh (2023 est.) imports: 1.264 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 550.069 million kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 88% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 22,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 10,000 cubic meters (2021 est.) consumption: 2.223 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.223 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
2021, 2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
7.093 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 219,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 3.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 3.786 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 3.64 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 841,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
10 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 1,171 km (2014) standard gauge: 14 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge broad gauge: 1,157 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 7.1% (2024 est.) industry: 16.8% (2024 est.) services: 62.3% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
10.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 12% of GDP (2023 est.) 14% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Moldovan Leu
MDL per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 MDL = US$0.05592372
17.2287–17.8815 MDL per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | MDL per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 17.8815 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 17.8163 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 17.7927 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 17.7926 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 17.7749 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 17.7413 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 17.7215 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 17.7091 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 17.7332 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 17.7356 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 17.7271 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 17.717 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 17.6377 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 17.5606 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 17.5339 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 17.5196 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 17.5126 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 17.5081 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 17.4932 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 17.4337 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 17.3799 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 17.3522 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 17.2909 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 17.2472 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 17.2448 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 17.2413 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 17.2316 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 17.2297 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 17.2327 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 17.2287 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.