ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Japan
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Japan · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
123,366,734
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 123366734 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$4.44 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 4435162999976.94 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$35,951
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 35951.0449549304 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Japan at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 123,201,945 (2024 est.) male: 59,875,269 female: 63,326,676
Area
total : 377,915 sq km land: 364,485 sq km water: 13,430 sq km note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$5.715 trillion (2024 est.) $5.71 trillion (2023 est.) $5.627 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$4.026 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
0.1% (2024 est.) 1.5% (2023 est.) 0.9% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$46,100 (2024 est.) $45,900 (2023 est.) $45,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.7% (2024 est.) 3.3% (2023 est.) 2.5% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
2.6% (2024 est.) 2.6% (2023 est.) 2.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
69.382 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
215.9% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $661.986 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $897.03 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$194.257 billion (2024 est.) $156.592 billion (2023 est.) $90.21 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$922.447 billion (2024 est.) $923.488 billion (2023 est.) $922.813 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$965.047 billion (2024 est.) $996.364 billion (2023 est.) $1.081 trillion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$1.231 trillion (2024 est.) $1.295 trillion (2023 est.) $1.228 trillion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Tokyo geographic coordinates: 35 41 N, 139 45 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: originally known as Edo, meaning "estuary" because of its location on a bay; the name was changed to Tokyo, meaning "eastern capital," in 1868, as a contrast to Kyoto, the previous capital to the west
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
second-largest East Asian economy; trade-oriented and highly diversified; high public debt levels; following years of near-zero interest rates, gradual increases to address inflation and depreciation of yen; strong rebound in tourism; aging population poses challenges to labor force participation
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
negligible mineral resources, fish note: with virtually no natural energy resources, Japan is almost totally dependent on imported sources of energy
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
rice, milk, sugar beets, vegetables, eggs, chicken, potatoes, onions, cabbages, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 19%, China 18%, Taiwan 6%, S. Korea 6%, Hong Kong 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
cars, integrated circuits, machinery, vehicle parts/accessories, construction vehicles (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 22%, USA 11%, Australia 8%, UAE 5%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, coal, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly rugged and mountainous
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 12.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 11.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.7% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0.9% (2023 est.) forest: 68.3% (2023 est.) other: 19% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquakes) every year; tsunamis; typhoons volcanism: both Unzen (1,500 m) and Sakura-jima (1,117 m), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshima, have been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Asama (Honshu Island's most active volcano), Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take, Oshima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu; see note 2 under "Geography - note"
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Japanese major-language sample(s): 必要不可欠な基本情報の源、ワールド・ファクトブック(Japanese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Shintoism 48.6%, Buddhism 46.4%, Christianity 1.1%, other 4% (2021 est.) note: total adherents among persons claiming a religious affiliation
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 12.1% (male 7,701,196/female 7,239,389) 15-64 years: 58.4% (male 36,197,840/female 35,777,966) 65 years and over: 29.5% (2024 est.) (male 15,976,233/female 20,309,321)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 92% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 85.2 years (2024 est.) male: 82.3 years female: 88.2 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 361.617 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 902.769 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 41.79 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 65.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 10.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 7.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) geothermal: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 6.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 8,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 3.14 million bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 44.115 million barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2024, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 2.019 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 88.317 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 271.607 million cubic meters (2022 est.) imports: 85.003 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 20.898 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
960.23 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 367.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 403.042 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 190.043 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 219 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 168 (2022 est.)
2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 47.9 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
280 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 27,311 km (2015) standard gauge: 4,800 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (4,800 km electrified) narrow gauge: 124 km (2015) 1.372-m gauge (124 km electrified) dual gauge: 132 km (2015) 1.435-1.067-m gauge (132 km electrified) 22,207 km 1.067-mm gauge (15,430 km electrified) 48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified)
2015 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 163 (2024) large: 11 medium: 26 small: 54 very small: 71 size unknown: 1 ports with oil terminals: 99 key ports: Kawasaki Ko, Kobe, Mikawa, Nagasaki, Nagoya Ko, Onomichi-Itozaki, Osaka, Tokyo Ko, Wakamatsu Ko, Wakayama-Shimotsu Ko, Yokohama Ko
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 0.9% (2023 est.) industry: 28.6% (2023 est.) services: 69.8% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Yen
JPY per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 JPY = US$0.006326311
153.73–158.36 JPY per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | JPY per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 158.07 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 157.94 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 157.87 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 157.88 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 157.89 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 157.77 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 157.24 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 157.34 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 157.44 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 158.12 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 158.17 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 158.26 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 158.36 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 157.71 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 157.4 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 157.34 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 157.07 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 156.98 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 156.77 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 155.67 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 155.15 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 154.8 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 154.23 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 154.09 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 154.09 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 154.09 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 153.82 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 153.73 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 154.29 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 155.67 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Exchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.