EUROPE · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Italy
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Italy · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
58,915,656
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 58915656 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$2.55 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 2551556954100.35 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$43,309
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 43308.6403060733 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Italy at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 60,924,851 (2025 est.) male: 29,383,949 female: 31,540,902
Area
total : 301,340 sq km land: 294,140 sq km water: 7,200 sq km note: includes Sardinia and Sicily
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$3.133 trillion (2024 est.) $3.11 trillion (2023 est.) $3.088 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$2.373 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
0.7% (2024 est.) 0.7% (2023 est.) 4.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$53,100 (2024 est.) $52,700 (2023 est.) $52,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1% (2024 est.) 5.6% (2023 est.) 8.2% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
6.8% (2024 est.) 7.7% (2023 est.) 8.1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
25.828 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
131.8% of GDP (2017 est.) note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds
Budget
revenues: $935.038 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $1.104 trillion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$26.76 billion (2024 est.) $3.261 billion (2023 est.) -$36.325 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$778.898 billion (2024 est.) $774.311 billion (2023 est.) $737.083 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$717.278 billion (2024 est.) $739.646 billion (2023 est.) $775.518 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$290.547 billion (2024 est.) $247.396 billion (2023 est.) $224.581 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 87% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Rome geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 29 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city, but the name Romulus may instead derive from the city's name; the name Rome may come from an Etruscan name for the Tiber River, which was Roma or Ruma
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
high-income, core EU economy; strong services, manufacturing, and tourism sectors; modest growth supported by net exports, low inflation, and public investments via EU funds; tight labor market with aging workforce and shortages in specialized skills; high public debt levels
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, marble, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
milk, wheat, grapes, tomatoes, maize, olives, apples, oranges, sugar beets, rice (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
Germany 11%, USA 11%, France 10%, Spain 5%, UK 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
packaged medicine, garments, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
Germany 15%, France 9%, China 8%, Netherlands 6%, Spain 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
natural gas, crude petroleum, cars, packaged medicine, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
predominantly Mediterranean; alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 44.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 24% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 8.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 12.2% (2023 est.) forest: 31.8% (2023 est.) other: 24% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
regional risks include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidence in Venice volcanism: significant volcanic activity; Etna (3,330 m) is Europe's most active volcano, and its flank eruptions pose a threat to nearby Sicilian villages; Etna, along with the famous Vesuvius, have both been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Stromboli, on its namesake island, has also been continuously active with moderate volcanic activity; other historically active volcanoes include Campi Flegrei, Ischia, Larderello, Pantelleria, Vulcano, and Vulsini
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area), Croatian (in Molise) major-language sample(s): L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Christian 80.8% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants), Muslim 4.9%, unaffiliated 13.4%, other 0.9% (2020 est.)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 11.9% (male 3,699,167/female 3,531,734) 15-64 years: 64.5% (male 19,378,160/female 19,958,137) 65 years and over: 23.6% (2024 est.) (male 6,336,738/female 8,060,995)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 72% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 83 years (2024 est.) male: 80.7 years female: 85.5 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 99.3% (2019 est.) male: 99.5% (2019 est.) female: 99.2% (2019 est.)
2019 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 128.692 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 290.664 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 3.32 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 54.572 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 17.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 56% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 12% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 9.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 14.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) geothermal: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 6.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 111,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 1.245 million bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 497.934 million barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2024, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 2.778 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 61.906 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 2.609 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 61.851 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 45.76 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
307.442 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 26.15 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 162.688 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 118.604 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 78.7 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 20.1 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
655 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 18,475 km (2020) 12,936 km electrified 1289.3 0.950-mm gauge (151.3 km electrified)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 123 (2024) large: 12 medium: 11 small: 71 very small: 28 size unknown: 1 ports with oil terminals: 33 key ports: Brindisi, Civitavecchia, Genova, Gioia Tauro, La Spezia, Livorno, Messina, Napoli, Porto di Lido-Venezia, Siracusa, Taranto, Trieste
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 2% (2024 est.) industry: 21.7% (2024 est.) services: 65.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.5% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Euro
EUR per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 EUR = US$1.123457
0.85945–0.89011 EUR per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | EUR per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 0.89011 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 0.88998 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 0.88663 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 0.88624 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 0.88569 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 0.88281 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 0.88089 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 0.87986 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 0.87747 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 0.87722 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 0.87731 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 0.87747 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 0.8776 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 0.87407 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 0.8712 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 0.87098 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 0.87046 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 0.87035 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 0.87026 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 0.86922 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 0.86583 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 0.86609 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 0.86392 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 0.86144 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 0.86132 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 0.8611 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 0.8595 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 0.85945 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 0.86065 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 0.86089 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Exchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
CONTINUE YOUR RESEARCH
Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.