ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Iran, Islamic Rep. · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
92,417,681
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 92417681 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$362.68 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 362682115433.364 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$3,924
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 3924.38017821898 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Iran (Islamic Republic of) at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 89,177,357 (2025 est.) male: 45,098,223 female: 44,079,134
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$1.486 trillion (2024 est.) $1.442 trillion (2023 est.) $1.373 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$436.906 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
3% (2024 est.) 5% (2023 est.) 3.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$16,200 (2024 est.) $15,900 (2023 est.) $15,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
32.5% (2024 est.) 44.6% (2023 est.) 43.5% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
9.2% (2024 est.) 9.1% (2023 est.) 9.1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
28.575 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
39.5% of GDP (2017 est.) note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
Budget
revenues: $60.714 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $90.238 billion (2019 est.)
Exports
$100.031 billion (2024 est.) $97.924 billion (2023 est.) $105.752 billion (2022 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$117.176 billion (2024 est.) $113.21 billion (2023 est.) $97.729 billion (2022 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Debt - external
$6.759 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 80% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Tehran geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC) daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time etymology: the name probably means "flat" or "lower," referring to its location in the foothills of the Elburz Mountains
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
traditionally state-controlled economy but reforming state-owned financial entities; strong oil/gas, agricultural, and service sectors; recent massive inflation due to exchange rate depreciation, international sanctions, and investor uncertainty; increasing poverty
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
wheat, sugarcane, milk, sugar beets, rice, tomatoes, barley, potatoes, oranges, apples (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 35%, Turkey 16%, India 8%, Pakistan 7%, Armenia 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
plastics, iron ore, alcohols, natural gas, refined copper (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 34%, UAE 20%, Turkey 11%, Brazil 8%, Germany 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, corn, soybeans, vehicle bodies (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 29% (2023 est.) arable land: 9.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 18.2% (2023 est.) forest: 6.6% (2023 est.) other: 64.4% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
periodic droughts, floods; dust storms, sandstorms; earthquakes
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Persian Farsi (official), Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic major-language sample(s): چکیده نامه جهان، منبعی ضروری برای کسب اطلاعات کلی جهان (Persian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Muslim (official) 98.5%, Christian 0.7%, Baha'i 0.3%, agnostic 0.3%, other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Hindu) 0.2% (2020 est.)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 23.3% (male 10,512,797/female 10,040,282) 15-64 years: 69.8% (male 31,413,125/female 30,267,241) 65 years and over: 7% (2024 est.) (male 2,869,617/female 3,283,875)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 77.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 75.6 years (2024 est.) male: 74.3 years female: 77.1 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 86% (2016 est.) male: 90% (2016 est.) female: 81% (2016 est.)
2016 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 86.058 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 335.175 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 5.723 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 3.136 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 37.948 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 94.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 1.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 3.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4.112 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 2.415 million bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 208.6 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 265.088 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 252.353 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 14.698 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.274 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 33.987 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
823.364 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 7.136 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 316.922 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 499.306 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 159 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 174 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 10.9 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
177 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 8,483.5 km (2014) standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified) broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 18 (2024) large: 0 medium: 4 small: 6 very small: 8 ports with oil terminals: 13 key ports: Abadan, Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, Khorramshahr
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 13% (2024 est.) industry: 36.4% (2024 est.) services: 47.9% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) 0% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Iranian Rial
IRR per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 IRR = US$0.0000005780958
1,360,483–1,739,452 IRR per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | IRR per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 1,729,817 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 1,739,452 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 1,686,265 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 1,670,218 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 1,569,672 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 1,369,651 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 1,368,498 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 1,368,826 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 1,368,246 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 1,360,483 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 1,369,189 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 1,369,334 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 1,370,668 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 1,368,936 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 1,368,770 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 1,369,038 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 1,369,364 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 1,370,134 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 1,370,708 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 1,370,424 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 1,368,358 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 1,368,393 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 1,368,615 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 1,368,565 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 1,369,065 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 1,369,311 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 1,368,360 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 1,368,651 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 1,367,620 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 1,367,918 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.