ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Iraq
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Iraq · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
47,020,774
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 47020774 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$254.37 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 254367293538.462 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$5,410
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 5409.67899716967 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Iraq at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 42,917,742 (2025 est.) male: 21,614,894 female: 21,302,848
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$585.887 billion (2024 est.) $595.082 billion (2023 est.) $592.017 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$279.641 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
-1.5% (2024 est.) 0.5% (2023 est.) 8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$12,700 (2024 est.) $13,200 (2023 est.) $13,400 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.4% (2023 est.) 5% (2022 est.) 6% (2021 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
15.6% (2024 est.) 15.5% (2023 est.) 15.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
12.008 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
27.4% of GDP (2018 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $90.204 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $64.512 billion (2019 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
$28.375 billion (2023 est.) $58.01 billion (2022 est.) $24.565 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$107.852 billion (2023 est.) $127.079 billion (2022 est.) $78.26 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$81.179 billion (2023 est.) $69.162 billion (2022 est.) $50.707 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$100.691 billion (2024 est.) $112.233 billion (2023 est.) $97.009 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$15.58 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Baghdad geographic coordinates: 33 20 N, 44 24 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the origin of the name is unclear; it may mean "gift of God," from the pre-Islamic words bagh (god) and dad (given)
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
highly oil-dependent Middle Eastern economy; fiscal sustainability subject to fluctuation in oil prices; rising public confidence in economic conditions; import-dependent for most sectors; persistent challenges of corruption, informal markets, banking access, and political fragility
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
wheat, dates, maize, tomatoes, rye, grapes, milk, chicken, potatoes, fruits (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
China 33%, India 28%, USA 8%, Greece 5%, UAE 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined petroleum, petroleum coke, gold, natural gas (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
UAE 32%, China 20%, Turkey 18%, India 5%, USA 2% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, jewelry, gold (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 21.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 11.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.2% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 9.2% (2023 est.) forest: 1.6% (2023 est.) other: 76.5% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
dust storms; sandstorms; floods
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Muslim (official) 95-98% (Shia 61-64%, Sunni 29-34%), Christian 1% (includes Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Assyrian Church of the East), other 1-4% (2015 est.) note: the last census in Iraq was in 1997; while there has been voluntary relocation of many Christian families to northern Iraq, the overall Christian population has decreased at least 50% and perhaps as much as 90% since 2003, according to US Embassy estimates, with many fleeing to Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon
2015, 1997, 2003 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 34.6% (male 7,447,266/female 7,130,883) 15-64 years: 61.7% (male 13,064,516/female 12,907,702) 65 years and over: 3.6% (2024 est.) (male 681,574/female 851,495)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 71.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 73.7 years (2024 est.) male: 71.9 years female: 75.7 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 84.1% (2021 est.) male: 90.3% (2021 est.) female: 77.8% (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 31.339 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 73.521 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 3.134 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 79.904 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 98.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4.448 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 1.043 million bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 145.019 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 10.537 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 19.308 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 8.771 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 3.729 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
190.815 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 7,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 152.931 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 37.878 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 46.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 7.77 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
73 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 2,272 km (2014) standard gauge: 2,272 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 6 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 1 very small: 4 ports with oil terminals: 3 key ports: Al Basrah, Al-Basra Oil Terminal, Khawr Al Amaya, Khawr Al Zubair, Umm Qasr
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 3.4% (2024 est.) industry: 51.6% (2024 est.) services: 45.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.4% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Iraqi Dinar
IQD per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 IQD = US$0.0007632539
1,308.77–1,313.1 IQD per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | IQD per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 1,310.18 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 1,311.32 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 1,311.36 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 1,312.75 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 1,313.1 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 1,311.53 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 1,309.3 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 1,309.69 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 1,309.72 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 1,309.88 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 1,310.33 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 1,310.42 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 1,311.18 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 1,309.14 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 1,309.46 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 1,309.56 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 1,310.2 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 1,310.94 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 1,311.05 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 1,311.06 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 1,309.75 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 1,310.37 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 1,310.66 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 1,309.97 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 1,310.3 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 1,310.31 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 1,309.5 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 1,309.57 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 1,309.04 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 1,308.77 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.