ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
India
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: India · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
1,463,865,525
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 1463865525 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$3.96 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 3956067115771.63 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$2,702
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 2702.47987141553 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
India at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 1,419,316,933 (2025 est.) male: 730,902,574 female: 688,414,359
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$14.244 trillion (2024 est.) $13.377 trillion (2023 est.) $12.251 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$3.913 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
6.5% (2024 est.) 9.2% (2023 est.) 7.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$9,800 (2024 est.) $9,300 (2023 est.) $8,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
5% (2024 est.) 5.6% (2023 est.) 6.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
4.3% (2024 est.) 4.2% (2023 est.) 4.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
607.691 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
46.5% of GDP (2018 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $311.824 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $486.598 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$32.428 billion (2024 est.) -$31.962 billion (2023 est.) -$79.051 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$822.046 billion (2024 est.) $773.177 billion (2023 est.) $767.643 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$923.081 billion (2024 est.) $859.507 billion (2023 est.) $902.304 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$643.043 billion (2024 est.) $627.793 billion (2023 est.) $567.298 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$212.728 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 99.2% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 99.3%
Internet users
percent of population: 56% (2022 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: New Delhi geographic coordinates: 28 36 N, 77 12 E time difference: UTC+5.5 (10.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name is of unknown origin; one theory says it may come from the Hindi word dehli (threshold), because of the city's location between the Indus and the Ganges Rivers
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
largest South Asian economy; strong, sustained GDP growth led by technology and service sectors, foreign investment, and improved regulatory framework; high poverty rate and income inequality; initiatives on infrastructure development, digitization, manufacturing, and financial access
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
coal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), antimony, iron ore, lead, manganese, mica, bauxite, rare earth elements, titanium ore, chromite, natural gas, diamonds, petroleum, limestone, arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
sugarcane, rice, milk, wheat, bison milk, potatoes, vegetables, maize, bananas, onions (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 19%, UAE 7%, China 4%, Germany 3%, UK 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, packaged medicine, diamonds, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 19%, Russia 10%, USA 6%, UAE 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, gold, coal, natural gas, integrated circuits (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 60.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 51.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 4.9% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 3.4% (2023 est.) forest: 24.4% (2023 est.) other: 15.5% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes volcanism: Barren Island (354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Hindi 43.6%, Bengali 8%, Marathi 6.9%, Telugu 6.7%, Tamil 5.7%, Gujarati 4.6%, Urdu 4.2%, Kannada 3.6%, Odia 3.1%, Malayalam 2.9%, Punjabi 2.7%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.1%, other 5.6%; English is the subsidiary official language but is the most important one for national, political, and commercial communication (2011 est.) major-language sample(s): विश्व फ़ैक्टबुक, आधारभूत जानकारी का एक अनिवार्य स्रोत (Hindi) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note 1: there are 22 other recognized languages -- Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu note 2: Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language
2011 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.)
2011 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 24.5% (male 181,115,052/female 163,647,028) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 500,568,593/female 467,593,781) 65 years and over: 6.8% (2024 est.) (male 44,101,180/female 52,102,662)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 36.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 2.33% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 68.2 years (2024 est.) male: 66.5 years female: 70.1 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 81.7% (2023 est.) male: 88.3% (2023 est.) female: 74.9% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 499.136 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 1.5 trillion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 9.529 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 7.843 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 303.066 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 2.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 5.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 822,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 5.271 million bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 4.605 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 35.168 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 62.196 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 91.921 million cubic meters (2019 est.) imports: 29.337 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.381 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2019, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
2.821 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.054 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 642.909 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 124.226 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1.15 billion (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 79 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 39.3 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)
2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
315 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 65,554 km (2014) narrow gauge: 1,604 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge broad gauge: 63,950 km (2014) (39, 329 km electrified)
2014 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 56 (2024) large: 4 medium: 4 small: 13 very small: 30 size unknown: 5 ports with oil terminals: 18 key ports: Calcutta, Chennai (Madras), Jawaharlal Nehru Port (Nhava Shiva), Kattupalli Port, Kochi (Cochin), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 16.4% (2024 est.) industry: 24.5% (2024 est.) services: 49.9% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
3.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 3.3% of GDP (2023 est.) 3.3% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Indian Rupee
INR per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 INR = US$0.01038637
94.39–96.28 INR per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | INR per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 96.28 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 96.2 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 96.19 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 96.18 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 96.15 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 95.98 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 95.85 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 95.93 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 95.83 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 95.78 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 95.79 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 95.8 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 95.79 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 95.62 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 95.66 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 95.75 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 95.78 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 95.79 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 95.79 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 95.84 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 95.85 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 95.72 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 95.48 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 95.47 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 95.45 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 95.43 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 95.16 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 94.88 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 94.57 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 94.39 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
National Stock Exchange of India
Search listed securities and open the exchange page.
Explore exchange XBOMBSE India
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Explore exchangeExchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
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Official data & country reports
Research directories have their own coverage. A link is not a claim that every entity has an IMF report or a separate national statistical office.
SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.