AFRICA · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Ethiopia
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Ethiopia · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
135,472,051
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 135472051 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$126.36 billion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 126358758448.356 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$933
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 932.729352775179 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Ethiopia at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 121,372,632 (2025 est.) male: 60,461,406 female: 60,911,226
Area
total : 1,104,300 sq km land: 1,096,570 sq km water: 7,730 sq km note: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$380.895 billion (2024 est.) $354.926 billion (2023 est.) $332.97 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$126.773 billion (2022 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
7.3% (2024 est.) 6.6% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$2,900 (2024 est.) $2,800 (2023 est.) $2,700 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
21% (2024 est.) 30.2% (2023 est.) 33.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
3.4% (2024 est.) 3.5% (2023 est.) 3.5% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
54.47 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
31.4% of GDP (2019 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $8.808 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $12.49 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$4.788 billion (2023 est.) -$5.16 billion (2022 est.) -$4.507 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$10.865 billion (2023 est.) $10.971 billion (2022 est.) $9.496 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$22.951 billion (2023 est.) $24.187 billion (2022 est.) $20.859 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$3.784 billion (2024 est.) $2.028 billion (2023 est.) $1.192 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$25.426 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 55% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 94% electrification - rural areas: 43%
Internet users
percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Addis Ababa geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower;" Empress TAITU gave the name to the new capital city in 1887
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
low-income, fast-growing Horn of Africa economy; widespread poverty and food insecurity worsened by conflict and environmental factors; landlocked with tensions over seaport access; development aid supporting reforms to boost private-sector growth and financial stability; challenge of creating jobs for growing labor force
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
maize, cereals, wheat, milk, sorghum, barley, taro, beans, sweet potatoes, potatoes (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 12%, China 10%, UAE 8%, Saudi Arabia 8%, Netherlands 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
coffee, garments, dried legumes, cut flowers, oil seeds (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
China 26%, Djibouti 16%, India 7%, Kuwait 7%, Saudi Arabia 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, fertilizers, plastics, raw sugar, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 34.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 14.5% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 17.7% (2023 est.) forest: 23.7% (2023 est.) other: 42.2% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m) is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir
2005 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Oromo (official regional working language) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official regional working language) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official regional working language) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official regional working language) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (2007 est.) major-language sample(s): Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu uraawaatiif baay ee barbaachisaa ta e. (Oromo) የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
2007 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.)
2016 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 38.7% (male 23,092,496/female 22,765,882) 15-64 years: 58% (male 34,175,328/female 34,536,238) 65 years and over: 3.4% (2024 est.) (male 1,794,269/female 2,186,085)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 67.7 years (2024 est.) male: 65.4 years female: 70 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 60.5% (2022 est.) male: 71% (2022 est.) female: 50% (2022 est.)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 5.69 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 12.298 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 1.762 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 4.194 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) geothermal: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 102,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 428,000 barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
proven reserves: 24.919 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
18.519 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.427 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 15.092 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 85.9 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 65 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 566,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
58 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge note: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor
2017 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 34.9% (2024 est.) industry: 25.4% (2024 est.) services: 37.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.33% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2023, 2022, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Ethiopian Birr
ETB per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 ETB = US$0.00619195
161.15–162.09 ETB per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | ETB per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 161.5 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 161.62 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 161.66 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 162.09 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 161.92 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 161.68 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 161.28 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 161.72 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 161.79 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 161.82 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 161.99 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 161.46 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 161.34 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 161.26 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 161.52 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 161.62 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 161.63 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 161.54 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 161.77 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 161.32 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 161.3 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 161.46 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 161.54 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 161.39 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 161.15 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 161.16 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
No venue from our curated stock exchange directory is listed for this entity.
Browse the worldwide directory →Exchange directory coverage is curated and does not establish that an entity has no other trading venues.
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.