ASIA & MIDDLE EAST · COUNTRY REFERENCE
China
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
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ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: China · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
1,406,585,000
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 1406585000 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$19.5 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 19498039388042.6 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$13,862
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 13861.970224368 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
China at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Population
total: 1,407,181,209 (2025 est.) male: 716,908,592 female: 690,272,617
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$33.598 trillion (2024 est.) $32.005 trillion (2023 est.) $30.361 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$18.744 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
5% (2024 est.) 5.4% (2023 est.) 3.1% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$23,800 (2024 est.) $22,700 (2023 est.) $21,500 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
0.2% (2024 est.) 0.2% (2023 est.) 2% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
4.6% (2024 est.) 4.7% (2023 est.) 5% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
773.88 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
47% of GDP (2017 est.) note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt
Budget
revenues: $2.684 trillion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated expenditures: $4.893 trillion (2019 est.)
Current account balance
$423.919 billion (2024 est.) $263.382 billion (2023 est.) $443.374 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$3.793 trillion (2024 est.) $3.508 trillion (2023 est.) $3.719 trillion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$3.254 trillion (2024 est.) $3.122 trillion (2023 est.) $3.142 trillion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$3.456 trillion (2024 est.) $3.45 trillion (2023 est.) $3.307 trillion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
$488.114 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 78% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
32 of 32 sections
Location
Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Beijing geographic coordinates: 39 55 N, 116 23 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: China is the largest country (in terms of area) with just one time zone; before 1949 it was divided into five etymology: the name comes from the Chinese words bei (north) and jing (capital)
1949 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
world s second-largest economy by nominal GDP; global leader in exports and manufacturing; historically strong growth slowing; challenges of aging workforce, weak productivity, rising youth unemployment, struggling property sector, and public debt; state-sponsored economic controls and infrastructure investments
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
coal, iron ore, helium, petroleum, natural gas, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, cadmium, ferrosilicon, gallium, germanium, hafnium, indium, lithium, mercury, tantalum, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten, antimony, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, rare earth elements, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest), arable land
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
maize, rice, vegetables, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, cucumbers/gherkins, tomatoes, watermelons, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
world leader in gross value of industrial output; mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizer; consumer products (including footwear, toys, and electronics); food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, railcars and locomotives, ships, aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 13%, Hong Kong 8%, Japan 5%, Germany 5%, S. Korea 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
broadcasting equipment, computers, integrated circuits, garments, machine parts (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
S. Korea 7%, USA 7%, Japan 6%, Australia 6%, Russia 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, integrated circuits, iron ore, gold, natural gas (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 55.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 11.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 2.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 41.7% (2023 est.) forest: 23.8% (2023 est.) other: 20.6% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages; note - Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uyghur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uyghur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet) major-language sample(s): 世界概況 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Standard Chinese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
folk religion 21.9%, Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish 0.1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.1% (2021 est.) note: officially atheist
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 16.3% (male 122,644,111/female 107,926,176) 15-64 years: 69.3% (male 505,412,555/female 476,599,793) 65 years and over: 14.4% (2024 est.) (male 94,144,838/female 109,315,797)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 64.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data do not include Hong Kong and Macau
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.7 years (2024 est.) male: 76 years female: 81.7 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Literacy
total population: 96.7% (2020 est.) male: 98.4% (2020 est.) female: 95.1% (2020 est.)
2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 2.949 billion kW (2023 est.) consumption: 8.894 trillion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 20.577 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 7.195 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 325.352 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 64.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 4.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 9.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 13.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4.984 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 16.189 million bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 26.023 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 239.402 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 395.341 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 6.025 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 161.808 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 6.654 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
12.196 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 9.575 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 1.847 billion metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 774.076 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1.87 billion (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 636 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
552 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 150,000 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge (100,000 km electrified); 104,0000 traditional, 40,000 high-speed
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 66 (2024) large: 5 medium: 9 small: 25 very small: 27 ports with oil terminals: 48 key ports: Chaozhou, Dalian, Fang-Cheng, Guangzhou, Hankow, Lon Shui Terminal, Qingdao Gang, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shekou, Tianjin Xin Gang, Weihai, Wenzhou, Xiamen
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 6.8% (2024 est.) industry: 36.5% (2024 est.) services: 56.7% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Yuan Renminbi
CNY per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 CNY = US$0.1492448
6.6916–6.7083 CNY per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | CNY per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 6.7004 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 6.7007 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 6.7005 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 6.7006 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 6.7005 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 6.7005 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 6.7002 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 6.7025 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 6.7079 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 6.7082 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 6.7083 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 6.708 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 6.7061 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 6.6995 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 6.6927 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 6.6916 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 6.6951 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 6.6958 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 6.6974 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 6.7031 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 6.7037 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 6.7058 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 6.7032 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 6.7005 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 6.7035 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 6.7031 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 6.7022 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 6.7036 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 6.7054 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 6.7061 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Shanghai Stock Exchange
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Explore exchange XSHEShenzhen Stock Exchange
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Explore exchange BJSEBeijing Stock Exchange
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.