NORTH AMERICA · COUNTRY REFERENCE
Canada
Written and compiled by American Business Capital Group Inc.
Selected country or entityMap: Natural Earth ↗
ANNUAL ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
Population & economic scale
The most recent non-empty observations returned by the World Bank when this snapshot was collected. Read the year on each card: these are annual statistics, not live measurements.
World Bank reporting entity: Canada · 3 of 3 indicators available.
Population
41,651,653
people
observation
Definition, value & source
Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.
Received value: 41651653 people. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), uri: https://population.un.org/wpp/, publisher: UN Population Division; Statistical databases and publications from national statistical offices, National Statistical Offices (NSOs), uri: https://unstats.un.org/home/nso_sites/, publisher: National Statistical Offices; Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, Eurostat (ESTAT), uri: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?node_code=earn_ses_monthly, publisher: Eurostat; Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), United Nations (UN), uri: https://unstats.un.org, publisher: UN Statistics Division
GDP
$2.32 trillion
current US$
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 2319899772425.92 current US$. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP per capita
$55,698
current US$ per person
observation
Definition, value & source
Gross domestic product is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period. It can be measured in three different ways: using either the expenditure approach, the income approach, or the production approach. The core indicator has been divided by the general population to achieve a per capita estimate.This indicator is expressed in current prices, meaning no adjustment has been made to account for price changes over time. This indicator is expressed in United States dollars.
Received value: 55697.6639660837 current US$ per person. The main card rounds for readability.
- Collected
- Oct 7, 2026
- Dataset update reported by API
- Jul 13, 2026; separate from the observation year
World Bank indicator ↗ · API record ↗
World Bank, World Development Indicators. CC BY 4.0. Underlying sources: Country official statistics, National Statistical Organizations and/or Central Banks; National Accounts data files, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Staff estimates, World Bank (WB)
GDP and GDP per capita use current US dollars, without an inflation or purchasing-power-parity adjustment. Source years can differ. Missing data is not zero; earlier archive figures below are retained as a separate historical reference.
THE REFERENCE FILE
Canada at a glance
These are historical reference facts from the 2025 World Factbook archive. Each estimate keeps its own period; an archive edition does not make every figure a measurement from that year.
Government type
federal parliamentary democracy (Parliament of Canada) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm; federal and state authorities and responsibilities regulated in constitution
Population
total: 39,187,155 (2025 est.) male: 19,515,416 female: 19,671,739
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$2.341 trillion (2024 est.) $2.305 trillion (2023 est.) $2.271 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$2.241 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
Real GDP growth rate
1.5% (2024 est.) 1.5% (2023 est.) 4.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
Real GDP per capita
$56,700 (2024 est.) $57,500 (2023 est.) $58,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
2.4% (2024 est.) 3.9% (2023 est.) 6.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Unemployment rate
6.5% (2024 est.) 5.5% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
Labor force
22.868 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Public debt
61.3% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Budget
revenues: $428.312 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $417.421 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Current account balance
-$10.349 billion (2024 est.) -$13.764 billion (2023 est.) -$6.318 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
$727.831 billion (2024 est.) $724.754 billion (2023 est.) $743.782 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports
$733.778 billion (2024 est.) $723.399 billion (2023 est.) $731.058 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$119.778 billion (2024 est.) $117.551 billion (2023 est.) $106.952 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Electricity access
electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
Internet users
percent of population: 94% (2023 est.)
THE HISTORICAL REFERENCE LIBRARY
Explore the country in detail
Browse the economy, population, resources and infrastructure. These archived descriptions keep their original wording and dates; they have not been updated to describe current conditions.
31 of 31 sections
Location
Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Capital
name: Ottawa geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November time zone note: Canada has six time zones etymology: the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word adawe , meaning "to trade"
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Economic overview
high-income economy and second-largest US trading partner; key timber, oil, and gas industries; trade uncertainties and weak business investments contributing to economic slowdown; high and growing public debt; inflation moderating but remains above target range
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural resources
bauxite, iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, uranium, rare earth elements, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Agricultural products
wheat, rapeseed, maize, milk, barley, soybeans, potatoes, peas, oats, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Industries
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - partners
USA 71%, China 5%, UK 3%, Japan 2%, Mexico 2% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, cars, gold, natural gas, refined petroleum (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - partners
USA 51%, China 11%, Mexico 6%, Germany 3%, Japan 3% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Imports - commodities
cars, trucks, vehicle parts/accessories, refined petroleum, crude petroleum (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
2023 source periods; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Climate
varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Terrain
mostly plains with mountains in west, lowlands in southeast
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Land use
agricultural land: 6.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 2.1% (2023 est.) forest: 42% (2023 est.) other: 51.4% (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural hazards
continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant
archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Languages
English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.) major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Religions
Christian 53.3%, Muslim 4.9%, Hindu 2.3%, Sikh 2.1%, Buddhist 1%, Jewish 0.9%, Traditional (North American Indigenous) 0.2%, other religions and traditional spirituality 0.6%, none 34.6% (2021 est.)
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.5% (male 3,098,478/female 2,929,148) 15-64 years: 63.4% (male 12,382,422/female 12,227,512) 65 years and over: 21% (2024 est.) (male 3,753,829/female 4,403,424)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Urbanization
urban population: 81.9% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
2023, 2020 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 84.2 years (2024 est.) male: 81.9 years female: 86.6 years
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 161.988 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 555.683 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 49.444 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 21.77 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 31.784 billion kWh (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 18.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 13.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 58.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 5.688 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 2.377 million bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 170.3 billion barrels (2021 est.)
2023, 2024, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Natural gas
production: 194.105 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 131.887 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 82.537 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 29.058 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 2.067 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
2023, 2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Carbon dioxide emissions
585.853 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 32.486 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 294.196 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 259.171 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 37.4 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 94 (2024 est.)
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 17 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2023 est.)
2023 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Airports
1,459 (2025)
2025 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Railways
total: 49,422 km (2021) note: 129 km electrified (2021) standard gauge: 49,422 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Ports
total ports: 284 (2024) large: 4 medium: 14 small: 58 very small: 149 size unknown: 59 ports with oil terminals: 59 key ports: Argentia, Canaport (St. John), Halifax, Hamilton, Montreal, New Westminster, Pond Inlet, Prince Rupert, Quebec, Sept Iles, St. John, Sydney, Thunder Bay, Toronto, Trois Rivieres, Vancouver, Victoria Harbor, Windsor
2024 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.6% (2021 est.) industry: 25.3% (2021 est.) services: 66.4% (2021 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
2021 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
Remittances
0% of GDP (2024 est.) 0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
2024, 2023, 2022 dates in source text; archive edition 2025 · Archive source ↗
CURRENCY OBSERVATIONS
Money & exchange rates
The latest verified daily references are separate from the historical country profile. Values are currency units per US$1.
Canadian Dollar
CAD per US$1
Published reference snapshot; its original observation date is preserved.
1 CAD = US$0.7018036
1.3785–1.4249 CAD per US$1 across the displayed observations. The vertical scale follows this range.
View dated observations
| Observation date | CAD per US$1 |
|---|---|
| Oct 6, 2026 | 1.4249 |
| Oct 5, 2026 | 1.4242 |
| Oct 4, 2026 | 1.423 |
| Oct 3, 2026 | 1.423 |
| Oct 2, 2026 | 1.4228 |
| Oct 1, 2026 | 1.4216 |
| Sep 30, 2026 | 1.4175 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | 1.4161 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | 1.4141 |
| Sep 27, 2026 | 1.4123 |
| Sep 26, 2026 | 1.4121 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | 1.4117 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | 1.409 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | 1.4058 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | 1.4016 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | 1.3992 |
| Sep 20, 2026 | 1.3982 |
| Sep 19, 2026 | 1.3981 |
| Sep 18, 2026 | 1.3979 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | 1.3962 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | 1.3912 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | 1.3893 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | 1.3869 |
| Sep 13, 2026 | 1.3837 |
| Sep 12, 2026 | 1.3833 |
| Sep 11, 2026 | 1.3828 |
| Sep 10, 2026 | 1.3801 |
| Sep 9, 2026 | 1.3785 |
| Sep 8, 2026 | 1.3802 |
| Sep 7, 2026 | 1.3813 |
Daily references are not live execution prices. A check time does not change a source observation date.
CAPITAL MARKETS
Stock exchanges
Toronto Stock Exchange
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Explore exchange XTSXTSX Venture Exchange
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Explore exchange NEOECboe Canada NEO-L
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Explore exchange XCNQCanadian Securities Exchange
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Official data & country reports
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SOURCES & DATES
Where the facts come from.
Editorial presentation by American Business Capital Group Inc. The organizations and archive links below are the underlying sources.
- Country reference
- CIA World Factbook · 2025 archive
- Archive retrieved
- Oct 6, 2026 · retrieval date, not an observation period
- Currency associations
- SIX / ISO 4217 currency registry ↗
- Rate observations
- Frankfurter / official reference providers ↗ · each observation is dated separately
- State classification
- UN member states ↗ · UN observer states ↗
- UN membership is shown separately from territory and currency coverage; inclusion is not a position on sovereignty or boundaries.
- CIA World Factbook text preserved by World Factbook Archive. Archive edition 2025; individual estimates retain their own dates. These are historical reference facts, not current observations.
About the editions. The CIA announced the end of its online World Factbook on February 4, 2026. Our historical profiles retain the archive editions shown above.
Skyhorse lists The CIA World Factbook 2026–2027, published April 7, 2026 (ISBN 9781510786042). That book’s full text has not been incorporated here; its edition title does not redate the imported archive. Archive distribution license.
Geography is a simplified reference. Displayed boundaries and entity inclusion do not express a position on sovereignty or disputed borders.